DISCLOSURE / FILE
Transcript of the April 5, 1966 House Armed Services Committee hearing on UFOs, with testimony from Air Force Secretary Harold Brown, Project Blue Book chief Maj. Hector Quintanilla, and consultant Dr. J. Allen Hynek.
Transcript of the April 5, 1966 House Armed Services Committee hearing on UFOs, with testimony from Air Force Secretary Harold Brown, Project Blue Book chief Maj. Hector Quintanilla, and consultant Dr. J. Allen Hynek.
Committee Print No. 55 records the first major standalone congressional UFO hearing, convened by Chairman L. Mendel Rivers after Rep. Gerald Ford pressed for answers following the March 1966 Michigan sightings at Dexter and Hillsdale. Secretary Brown summarized 10,147 sightings investigated under Project Blue Book from 1947 through 1965, of which 9,501 were identified and 646 remained unexplained. The hearing attaches the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee (O'Brien Committee) report of February 3, 1966, which recommended contracting selected universities to investigate sightings in depth, a recommendation that led directly to the Condon Committee study at the University of Colorado. The Air Force's published explanation for the Michigan sightings, that the lights were swamp gas from rotting vegetation, is printed in full in the transcript.
Although the past 18 year of investigating undentifled flying ob- jects have not identified any threat to our national security, or evidence that the unidentified objects represent developments or principles beyond present-day scientific knowledge, or any evidence of extra- terrestrial vehicles, the Air Force will continue to investigate such phenomena with an open mind and with the finest technical equip- ment available.p.4
Based upon 10,147 reported sightings from 1947 through 1965, a summary of which is attached, I believe it sigiflcant that the Air Force has succeeded in identifying 9,501 of these objects.p.4
It seems entirely likely that as the present spring thaw came, the trapped gases, CH, HA8, and PHM, resulting from decomposition of organic material, were released.p.6
In 19 years and more than 10,000 sightings recorded and classified, there appears to be no verified and fully satisfactory evidence of any case that is clearly outside the framework of presently known science and technology.p.7
However, many of the r ports that cannot be explained have come from Intelligent and technically wt )I qualified Individuals whose Integrity cannot be doubted.p.8
Contracts be negotiated with a few selected universities to provide scientific teams to Investigate promptly and in depth certain selected sight- ings of UFO's.p.7
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[No. 565] UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS HEARING BY COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION APRIL 5, 1966 [Pages of all documents printed In behalf of the activities of the House Committee on Armed Services are numbered cumulatively to permit a comprehensive index at the end of the Con- gress. Page numbers lower than those in this document refer to other subjects.] U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHIINGTON -0 1966 50-066 0
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HOUSE COMMITEE ON ARMED SERVICES 2D SESsION, 89TH CosEss L. MENDEL RIVERS, South Carolina, Chairman PHILIP J. PHILBIN, Massachusetts F. EDWARD H11BERT, Louisiana MELVIN PRICE, Illinois 0. C. FISHER, Texas , PORTER HARDY, Jm., Virginia CHARLES E. BENNEYM, Florida JAMES A. BYRNE, Pennsylvania SAMUEL S. STRATTON, New York OTIS G. PIKE, New York RICHARD (DICK) ICHORD, Missouri LUCIEN N. NEDZI, Michigan ALJTON LENNON, North Carolina WILLIAM J. RANDAL, Missouri 0. ELLIOTT HAGAN, Georgia CHARLES U. WILSON, California ROBERT I. i.,EGOETT, California DONALD J. IRWIN, Connecticut JED JOHNSON, Ja., Oklahoma FRANK E. EVANS, Colorado RODNEY M. LOVE, Ohio FLOYD V. HICKS, Washington IIERVEY 0. MACHEN, Maryland SPEEDY 0. LONG. Louisiana H. S. JOHNNY WALKER. New Mexico WILLIAM H. BATES, Massachusetts LESLIE C. ARENDS. Illinois ALVIN H. O'KONSKI, Wisconsin WILLIAM 0. BRAY, Indiana BOB WILSON, California CHARLES 0. GUBSER. California CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN, Michigan ALEXANDER PIRNIE. New York DURWARD 0. HALL, Missouri DONALD D. CIANCY, Ohio ROBERT T. STAFFORD, Vermont RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania SANTIAGO POLANCO.ABREU, Puerto Rico, Realdent Commssfonc" PROFESSIONAL STAFF JOHN R. BLANDFRD. OAhej Counsel PHILIP W. KELLEHES, Counsel FRANK M. SLATINSHIK, 00Util WILLIAM H. COOK, COusRl EARL J. MORGAN, Proleaseonal Staff Member RALPH MARSHALL, Projeesional Staff Member JOHN FORD, Pro/eeaioIX4 StoJf Member
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I I " I I I a MMi 6038 40. U0 lyou Ah 3 you ca esim~te the seed of the object? Page 8 ('circleOne) Yes N I f you a awvered US~, the.. V~at *peed would you estimate? .... JHu 41. Do yo u thi.c you ca . es~~obwfraway fror. yo the wbec ast (Circle 1%,G) .10 if 4 U a uworod YaS. thae' far away Would you Day It waJG~ g --- q S'u k* doi -- -Z C3IA i4s aei L;' -dL 1) 42. Did the Object(s) cause any I .terforo,,ce with the operation of tr'-Ciroio wharo applicablej) RADIO? TV? LIQITS? OTMkR7 -- MMP t~ IF you u..4orll.od a .y of abova, explal.; the itrfere.co below: 43. gas a photo takce. of the object(s)? (Circle One) Ye~s Q:OD~ ,ji XAgould you be willl.g9 to surit a copy? (Circle One) Y&.$ so '~'efyou circled Y45~, please se.d copy i:.dicati..g mzzietary rol tburseme..ta 440 Do you bolo.g to a y Orgaaiizatlo..; which L .V&tigates Unid..ttfied Flyi. Objects? (Circle One) Yes (J9If W50 list then below: 45. May we oublielh your reirt It you jw-e Is )cetco 11ide .tial? NO (east llama first Hare kU Ua Street City stat TLLEfl;H,, NUKXeR V1JA - aD L f What I s your preso,t job? . P OF E; (Lt ACI&-- -C 6, stx- - Mgle- Please 1,.dicate a .y educatio.ial trainis~g you have had. (Nurber of yeard a. Orade school a'e Tech..ical school______ b. Higjh school ly (Tp of) _________ * c, Cullege * d. Post graduate _____fe Other special trairig..? 48,_____________________________S_______Concatenated page-by-page transcript. Born-digital pages came through pdf.js; scanned pages were transcribed by Claude vision OCR. Pages marked unreadable failed multiple OCR retries (heavy redaction, microfilm artifacts, or blank separators) and are kept in place for audit.
[No. 565] UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS HEARING BY COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION APRIL 5, 1966 [Pages of all documents printed In behalf of the activities of the House Committee on Armed Services are numbered cumulatively to permit a comprehensive index at the end of the Con- gress. Page numbers lower than those in this document refer to other subjects.] U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHIINGTON -0 1966 50-066 0
HOUSE COMMITEE ON ARMED SERVICES 2D SESsION, 89TH CosEss L. MENDEL RIVERS, South Carolina, Chairman PHILIP J. PHILBIN, Massachusetts F. EDWARD H11BERT, Louisiana MELVIN PRICE, Illinois 0. C. FISHER, Texas , PORTER HARDY, Jm., Virginia CHARLES E. BENNEYM, Florida JAMES A. BYRNE, Pennsylvania SAMUEL S. STRATTON, New York OTIS G. PIKE, New York RICHARD (DICK) ICHORD, Missouri LUCIEN N. NEDZI, Michigan ALJTON LENNON, North Carolina WILLIAM J. RANDAL, Missouri 0. ELLIOTT HAGAN, Georgia CHARLES U. WILSON, California ROBERT I. i.,EGOETT, California DONALD J. IRWIN, Connecticut JED JOHNSON, Ja., Oklahoma FRANK E. EVANS, Colorado RODNEY M. LOVE, Ohio FLOYD V. HICKS, Washington IIERVEY 0. MACHEN, Maryland SPEEDY 0. LONG. Louisiana H. S. JOHNNY WALKER. New Mexico WILLIAM H. BATES, Massachusetts LESLIE C. ARENDS. Illinois ALVIN H. O'KONSKI, Wisconsin WILLIAM 0. BRAY, Indiana BOB WILSON, California CHARLES 0. GUBSER. California CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN, Michigan ALEXANDER PIRNIE. New York DURWARD 0. HALL, Missouri DONALD D. CIANCY, Ohio ROBERT T. STAFFORD, Vermont RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania SANTIAGO POLANCO.ABREU, Puerto Rico, Realdent Commssfonc" PROFESSIONAL STAFF JOHN R. BLANDFRD. OAhej Counsel PHILIP W. KELLEHES, Counsel FRANK M. SLATINSHIK, 00Util WILLIAM H. COOK, COusRl EARL J. MORGAN, Proleaseonal Staff Member RALPH MARSHALL, Projeesional Staff Member JOHN FORD, Pro/eeaioIX4 StoJf Member
[No. 55] UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS HousE OF REPRESENTATI VS CoMxmTEE oN ARMD SERVICES, Wahngton, D.O., Tttegday, April 6,1966. The committee met., pursuant to call, at 10:35 a.m., the Honorable L. Mendel Rivers (chairman of the committee), presiding. The CHAIRM AN. Let the committee come to order. Members of the committee, Secretary Brown and General McCon- nell are back this morning for the purpose of responding to questions. At the end of our last hearing I asked that SecretaryBrown give us some information with respect to unidentified flyin objects. I under- stand that he is prepared to do that this morning an5 I also understand that he has withI hm Dr. J. Allen Hrynek, consultant to Project Blue Book which is the group charged with responsibility with respect to UP Alsopresent this morning is Mai. Hector Quintnnilf,, Jr., UFO project offer. I think it would be well to get the UFO business out of the way first. So I will ask Dr. Brown to give us his report at this time. Mr. Secretary, see if you can shed some light on these highly illumi- nated objects We can't just write them off. There are too many responsible people who are concerned. Mr. Ford has come out, he has a pretty good size stature in the Con- gresy, and so tell me what you know, Mr. Secretary, and let's see if we can have some answers. Go ahead, Mr. Secretary. Secretary BRowN. Mr. Chairman, I have a letter here which is ad- dressed to you, and I signed it. Let me run through it quickly, because it summarizes pretty well what our views are on unidentifi6d flying olo that, if there are some questions, I can try to answer them, or the Chiel, or Dr. Hynek, or Major Quintanilla. The'CHAIRMAN. Why don't we have the doctor come up to the table now, because when we start asking questions we will have him there, and we will just go all over the board. Sit at the end of the table, Doctor. Go ahead, sir. STATEMENT OF HON. HAROLD BROWN, SECRETARY OF AIR FORCE . Secretary BRowx. This is in response of your recent request for information concerning Air Force activities in the area of reported unidentified flying objects. Within the Department of Defense the Air Force has the respon- sibility of investigating reports on unidentified flying objects and of (5091)
5992 evaluating any possible threat to our national security that such ob- jects might pose. In carrying out this responsibility let me assure you that the Air Force is both objective and thorough in its treat- ment of all reports of unusual aerial objects over the United States. Under the name "Project Blue Book," the Air Force carries out a three-phase program. We (1) make an initial investigation of each report received; (2) make a more detailed analysis of reports not explained; and (3) disseminate information on sightings, findings, and statistics. In order to evaluate this subject as thoroughly as possible, the capabilities of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board have recently been focused upon the subject of UFO's. This Board has just coin- pleted a detailed review of this subject and concluded that the UFO phenomena presents no threat to the security of the United States, and that the present Air Force program dealing with UFO sightings has been well organized. Recommendations by the Board are pre- sently under study and are expected to lead to even stronger emphasis on the scientific aspects of investigating the sightings that warrant extensive analysic. Based upon 10,147 reported sightings from 1947 through 1965, a summary of which is attached, I believe it sigiflcant that the Air Force has succeeded in identifying 9,501 of these objects. Virtually all of these sightings were derived from sub jective human observations and interpretations. The most. common of these were astronomical sight- ings that included such things as bright stars and planets, comets and meteors, and fireballs and auroral streamers. Other major sources of reported sightings include such objects as satellites, mirages, and spurious radar indications. The remaining 646 reported sightings are those in which the information available does not provide an adequate basis for analysis, or for which the in- formation suggests an hypothesis but the object or phenomenon ex- plaining it cannot be proven to have been here or taken place at that time. In evaluating these sightings, the Air Force has used carefully selected and highly qualified scientists, engineers, technicians, and consultants. These personnel have utilized tite finest Air Force labo- ratories, test centers, scientific instrumentation, and technical equip- ment for this purpose. ya o u Although the past 18 year of investigating undentifled flying ob- jects have not identified any threat to our national security, or evidence that the unidentified objects represent developments or principles beyond present-day scientific knowledge, or any evidence of extra- terrestrial vehicles, the Air Force will continue to investigate such phenomena with an open mind and with the finest technical equip- ment available. I am attaching a special report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoe Committee To Review Project "Blue Book," the latest edition of Project Blue Book, dated February 1, 1966, and an Air Force statement regarding tie UFO sightings at Dexter, Mich., on March 20, 1966, and at Hil sdale, Mich. on March 21, 1966. I trust that the above information will be of assistance to you. If I can help you further in any way, please do not hesitate to let me know.
5993 (The information referred to is as follows:) Sightings of unidentifled flying objects Year Total Unidentified Year Total Unidentified sightings sightings 1947 .................. 122 12 19 5 .................. 6? 10 1948 .................. 15 7 1950 .................. 390 12 1949 .................. 18 2"2 1960 .................. 557 14 1950.................. 210 27 1961 .................. 691 13 1951 .................. 162 22 19 ................... 474 15 19IM .................. 1,501 303 1963 .................. 399 14 1953.... ................ 5M 42 1964.................. M 19 1954 .................. 487 46 1965 .................. 886 16 1955 .................. 545 24 I9o ................. 670 14 Total ........... 10, 147 646 1957 .................. 1,000 14 1 AIR FoRcE STATEMENT REOARDINO THlE UFO SIOITIN OS AT DEXTER, MICI., oN MARCI 20, 1960, AND HILLSDALE, MICI., ON MARCH 21, 1906 The Investigation of these two sightings wits conducted by Dr. J. Allen Ilynek, scientific consultant to Project Blue Book; persOnnllel front Selfridge Air Force Base, Mich. ; and personnel from tile Project Blue Book office at Wright-Patter- son Air Force Base, Ohio. In addition to these two specific cases, there has been a flood of reports from this area both before and after March 20 and 21. The investigating personnel have not had the time to Investigate all of these. It. is been determined, how- ever, that In lillsdale, over and above the sincere and honest reporting by the young ladies at ilillsdalo College, certain young men have played pranks with lares. It has also been determined that the photographs released yesterday through the press was taken oil March 17 just before sunrise near Milan, Mich., and have nothing to do with tile cases in question. The photograph clearly shows trails wade as a result of a time exposure of the rising crescent moon and the planet Venus. The majority of observers in both the Dexter and IllsdI.sale cases have reported only silent glowing lights near the ground--red, yellow, and blue-green. They have not described anl object. The only two observers who did describe an object have stated that they were no closer than 500 yards--elter itn a quarter of a mile away-a distance which does not allow details to be determined. Witnesses have described glowing lights-lights that seem to move but never far from a definite place or lights which suddenly disappeared and popped up at another place. The locale In both cases was a swamp. In both cases, tile location of the glow was pIlnlminted-in Dexter It was seen between two distant groups of people and at Ilil11dale it was sweet in a swampy depression between the girls and the distant trees. It was In both eases a very localized lhenomena. The swampy location is most significant. A swamp is a place of rotting vegetation and decomposition. Swamps are not a province of astronomers. Yet, the famous Dutch astronomer, Minnaert, In his book, "Light and Colour in the Open Air," (lcs.rlbes lights flint have been seen In swamps by the astronomer, Bessel, and other excellent ob.Vrvers. The lights resemble tiny flames sometimes seen right on the ground and sometimes rising and floating above It. The flames go out In one place and suddenly appear in another, giving the Illusion of motion. The colors are sometimes yellow, some- times red, and sometimes blue.green. No heat Is felt, and tile lights do not burn or char the ground. They can aplper for hours at a stretch and sometimes for a whole night. Generally. there Is no smell nuid no sound except for the popping sound of little exploslons such as when a gas burner Ignites. The rotting vegetation produces marsh gas which can be tralpped during the winter by ice. When the spring thaw occurs, the gas may be released in some quantity. The flame, Mlnnaert says, Is a form of chemical luminescence, and its low temperature Is one of Its peculiar features. Exactly how It occurs Is not known and could well be the subject of further Investigation. 'The glowing lights over the swamps near Dexter and tI-lLdale were observed for 2 or 3 hours, nnd they were red, green, and yellow. They appeared to move sideways and to rise a short distance. No sound was heard except a popping sound.
5994 It seems entirely likely that as the present spring thaw came, the trapped gases, CH,, HA8, and PHM, resulting from decomposition of organic material, were released. The chemistry book by Slenko and Plane has this to say: "In air, Phosphine PH, usually bursts into flame apparently because It is ignited by a spontaneous oxidation of the impure P.H,. The will-of-the-wisp, sometimes observed in marshes, may be due to spontaneous Ignition of impure PHt which might be formed by reduction of naturally occurring phosporus compound." It has been pointed out to the investigating personnel by other scientists in this area that In swamps the formation of iS and CH, from rotting vegetation La common. These could be Ignited by the spontaneous burning of PH,. The association of the sightings with swamps In this particular Instance is more than coincidence. No group of witnetses observed any craft coming to or going away from the swamp. The glow was localized, and Deputy Fitzpatrick described the glow from beyond a rise adjacent to the swanmp as visible through the trees. He stated that the light brightened and dimmed such as stage do- smoothly and slowly-and this description exactly fits the llilsdale sighting also. The brightening and dimming could have been due to the release of vari. able quantities of marsh gas. The disappearance of the lights when people got close with flashlights or car. lights would indicate that the glow seemed bright to dark-adapted eyes. fle night was dark and there was no moon. The Hilsdale girls kept their rooms dark In order to see the swamp lights. It appears very likelythat the combination of the conditions of this particular winter (an unusually nMld one in that area) and the particular weather condl. tions of that night-it was clear and there was little wind at either location- were such as to have produced this unusual and puzzling display. SPECIAL REPORT OF THE USAF SCIENTIFIC ADvisoRY BOARD AD Hoc CouMnt'rr To REVIEw PRojiT BLUE BOOK 1. INTRODUOTION As requested in a memorandum from Maj. Gen. E. B. LeBailly, Secretary of the Air Force Officer of Information, dated September 28, 1965 (tab A), a Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoe Committee met on February 3, 1008, to review Project Blue Book. The objectives of the committee are to review the resources and methods of Investigation prescribed by Project Blue Book and to advise the Air Force of any Improvements that can be made In the program to enhance the Air Force's capability in carrying out its responsibility. In order to bring themselves up to date, the members of the committee Initially reviewed the findings of previous scientific panels charged with looking Into the LFO problem. Particular attention was given to the report of the Robertson panel which was rendered In January 1953. The committee next heard briefings from the AFSO Foreign Technology Division, which Is the cognizant Air Force agency that collates Information on UFO sightings and monitors Investigations of Individual cases. Finally, the committee reviewed selected case histories of VFO sightings with particular emphasis on those that have not been Identified. IL DISCUSSION Although about 6 percent (646) ot all sightings (10,147) In the years 1047 through 1085 are listed by the Air Force as "Unidentified," it appears to the committee that most of the cases ro listed are simply those in which the Infor- mation available does not provide an adequate basis for analysis. In this con- nection it Is Important also to note that no unidentified objects other than those of an astronomical nature hare ever been observed during routine astronomical studies, In spite of the large number of observing hours which have been devoted to the sky. As examples of this the Palomar Observatory Sky Atlas contains some 5,000 plates made with large Instruments with wide field of view; the Harvard meteor project of 1954-8 provided some 3,300 hours of observation: the Smithsonian visual ,prairie network' provided 2,rO observing hours. Not a single unidentified object has been reported as appearing on any of these plates or been sighted visually In all these observations. The committee concluded that In the 10 years since the first UFO was sighted there has been no evidence that unidentified flying objects are a threat to our national security. Having arrived at this conclusion the committee then turned Its attention to considering how the Air Force should handle the scientific aspects
59095 of the UFO problem. Unavoidably these are also related to Air Force public relations, a subject on which the committee is not expert. Thus the recom. mendations which follow are made simply from the scientific point of view. I. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIOXNS It is the opinion of the committee that the present Air Force program dealing with UFO sightings has been well organized, although the resources assigned to It (only one officer, a sergeant, and secretary) have been quite limited. In 19 years and more than 10,000 sightings recorded and classified, there appears to be no verified and fully satisfactory evidence of any case that is clearly outside the framework of presently known science and technology. Nevertheless, there is always the possibility that analysis of new sightings may provide some additions to scientific knowledge of value to the Air Force. Moreover, some of the case records which the committee looked that were listed as "identified" were sightings where the evidence collected was too meager or too Indefinite to permit positive listing In the Identified category. Because of this the committee recoin- mends that the present program be strengthened to provide opportunity for scien- tific Investigation of selected sightings in more detail and depth than has been possible to date. To accomplish this It Is recommended that,- (a) Contracts be negotiated with a few selected universities to provide scientific teams to Investigate promptly and in depth certain selected sight- ings of UFO's. Each team should Include at least one psychologist, pref- erably one interested In clinical psychology, and at least one physical scien- tist, preferably an astronomer or geophysicist familiar with atmospheric physics. The universities should be chosen to provide good geographical distribution, and should be within convenient distance of a base of the Air Force Systems Command (AFSO). (b) At each AFSO base an omcer skilled In Investigation (but not neces- sarily with scientific training) should be designated to work with the cor- responding university team for that geographical section. The local repre- sentative of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (081) might be a logical choice for this. (c) One university or one not-for-profit organization should be s lected to coordinate the work of the teams mentioned under (a) above, and also to make certain-of very close communication and coordination with the Office of Project Blue Book. It Is thought that perhaps 100 sightings a year might be subjected to this close study, and that possibly an average of 10 man-days might be required per sighting so studied. The Information provided by such a program might bring to light new facts of scientific value, and would almost certainly provide a far better basis than we have today for decision on a long-term UFO program. The scientific reports on these selected sightings, supplementing the present program of the Project Blue Book office, should strengthen the public position of the Air Force on UFO's. It it, therefore, recommended that- (a) These reports be printed In full and be available on request. (b) Suitable abstracts or condensed versions be printed and Included In. or as supplements to, the published reports of Project Blue Book. (o) The form of report (as typified by Project Blue Book dated Feb- ruary 1, 1966) be expanded, and anything which might suggest that Informa- tion is being withheld (such as the wording on page 5 of the above cited reference) be deleted. The form of this report can be of great Importance In securing public understanding and should be given detailed study by an appropriate Air Force office. (d) The reports Project Blue Book should be given wide unsolicited circulation among prominent Members of the Congress and other public persons as a further aid to public understanding of the scientific approach being taken by the Air Force in attacking the UFO problem. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. Washbigtopt, D.O., Scptember 28, 1W65. Memorandum for military director, scientific advisory board Subject: Unidentified flying objects (UFO's) In keeping with its air defense role, the Air Force has the responsibility for the Investigation of unidentified flying objects reported over the United States.
5996 The name of this project Is Blue Book (attachment 1). Procedures for con- ducting this program are established by Air Force regulation 200-2 (attach- ment 2). The Air Force has conducted Project Blue Book since 1948. As of June 30, 1965, a total of 0,267 reports had been Investigated by the Air Force. Of these 9,267 reports, 063 cannot be explained. It has been determined by the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff/Plans and Operations that Project Blue Book Is a worthwhile program which deserves the support of all staff agencies and major commands and that the Air Force should continue to investigate and analyze all UFO reports In order to assure that such objects do not present a threat to our national security. The Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff/Plans and Operations has determined also that the Foreign Technology Division (FTD) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base should continue to exercise Its presently assigned responsibilities concerning UFO's. TO date, the Air Force has found no evidence that any of the I'FO reports reflects a threat to our national security. However, many of the r ports that cannot be explained have come from Intelligent and technically wt )I qualified Individuals whose Integrity cannot be doubted. In addition, the reports received officially by the Air Force include only a fraction of the spectacular reports which are publicized by any private UFO organizations. Accordingly, it Is requested that a working scientific panel composed of both physical and social scientists be organized to review Project. Blue Book-its re-. sources, methods, and findings--and to advise the Air Force as to any Improve- ments that should be made in the program In order to carry out the Air Force's assigned responsibiltly. Dr. J. Allen Hynek who is the chairman of the Dearborn Observatory at Northwestern University Is the scientific consultant to Project Blue Book. lie has indicated a willingness to work with such a panel In order to place this problem in Its proper perspective. Dr. Hynek has discussed this problem with Dr. Winston R. Markey, the former Air Force Chief Scientist. E. B. LzBAILLY, Major Gcneral, USAF, Director of Information. AD Hoo Coumi'rs ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJcErs (UFO's) AOENDA Thursday, 3 February 1966 0800 Welcoming remarks: Commander or vice commander, FTD. 0805 Introduction: Dr. O'Brien, SAB. 0810 The Air Force problem: Lieutenant Colonel Spaulding, SAFOI. 0830 Briefing on Project Blue Book: Major QuIntanilla, FTD. 1000 Break. 1015 Review of selected case histories: FTD Staff. 1145 Lunch. 1315 Executive and writing session. SPECIAL REPORT OF TilE USAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD AD II0 COMMITTEE TO REVIEW PROJECT BLUR BOOK Distribution Symbol Copies Secretary of the Air Fore Olffce of Information .............................. SAFOI..... 25 Mill tay Director DC8/R & D.................................. AFRDC. I Commttee members (I each): Dr. Brian O'Brien (chairman), Dr. Launor F. Carter Mr. Jesse Orlansky, Dr. Richard Porter, Dr. Carl Sagan, Dr. Willis II. Ware ............................................... ............. 6 Commander, Foreign Technology Division............................ .............. 5 DCS/Forelgn Technology (AFSC) ................................ 2 Chairman, SAB .................................................. AFBA. 1 BAB secretariat ............................................................. AFSA.. I Meeting statistics bearing on this report Including all times, dates, places, a listing of persons In attendance and purposes therefor, together with their affilla-
5997 tions and material reviewed and discussed, are available in the SAIl steretarlat offices for review by authorized persons or agencies. Approved by: HAROLD A. STE1NER, Llcutcnant Colonel, USA F, Assistant Secretary, USA P Sctientfle Advtsory Board. PROJECr BLUE BOOK The U.S. Air Force has the responsibility under tie )epartment of I)efense for the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFO's). The name of this program, which has been it operation since 1918, Is Project Blue Book. It liis been Identified in tile past as Project Sign and Project Grudge. Air Force Interest in unidentified flying objects is related directly to tie Air Force responsibility for the air defense of the United States. Procedures for coh'lucting this program are established by Air Force Regulation 200-2. The objectives of the Project Blue Book are twofold: first, to determine whether UFO's pose a threat to the security of the United States; and, second, to determine whether UFO's exhibit any unique scientific Information or advanced' technology which could contribute to scientific or technical research. In tie course of accomplishing these objectives, Project Blue Book strives to Identify and explain all UFO sightings reported to the Air Force. H1OW TiE PROGRAM 18 CONDUCTED The program is conducted in three phases. The first phase includes receipt of UFO reports and Initial investigation of the reports. The Air Force base nearest the location of a reported sighting is charged with the responsibility of investigating the sighting and forwarding the Information to the Project Blue Book Office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. If the initial Investigation does not reveal a positive Identification or explana. tion, a second phase of more intensive analysis Is conducted by the Project Blue Book Office. Bach case Is objectively and scientifically analyzed and, If neces- sary, all of the scientific facilities available to the Air Force can be used to assist In arriving at anl Identification or explanation. All personnel associated with the investigation, analysis, and evaluation efforts of the project view each report with a scientific approach and an open mind. The third phase of the program Is dissendlnation of information concerning UFO sightings, evaluations, and statistics. This is accomplished by the Xectre- tary of the Air Force, Office of Information. The Air Force defines nl unidentiled flying object as any aerial object whihh the observer is unable to Identify. Reports of unfamiliar objects lit the sky are submitted to the Air Force from many sources. These sources include military and civilian pilots, weather oh. servers, amateur astronomers, business and professional men and women, and housewives, etc. Frequently such objects as missiles, balloons, birds, kites, searchlights, aircraft navigation and antlcollislon beacons, jet engine exhaust, condensation trails. astronomical bodies and meteorologicet phenomena are mistakenly reported as unidentified flying objects. The Air Force groups its evaluations of UFO reports under three general head- ings: (1) Identified, (2) insufficient data, and (3) unidentified. Identified reports are those for which sufficient specific information has been accumulated and evaluated to permit a positive identiflcatlon or explanation of tile object. Reports categorized as "Insufficient Data" are those for which one or more Me- ments of Inforinatlon essential for evaluation are missing. Some examples nre the omission of tile duration of the sighting, date, time, location, position in tile sky, weather conditions, and the manner of appearance or disappearance. If the element is missing and there is an Indication that the sighting may be of a security, scientific, technical, or public interest value, the Project Blue Book Office conducts an additional investigation and every attempt is made to obtain the In- formation necessa ry for Identification. However, in some Instances, essential In- formation cannot e obtained, and no further action can be taken. 5-066 0-6--No. 5--2
6998 The third and by far the smallest group of evaluations Is categorized as "'Unidentified." A sighting is considered unidentified when a report apparently contains all pertinent data necessary to suggest a valid hypothesis concerning the cause or explanation of the report but the description of the object or Its motion cannot be correlated with any known object or phenomena. TYPES OF UFO IDENTIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS There are various types of UFO sightings. Most common are reports of astronomical sightings, which Include bright stars, planets, comets, fireballs, meteors, auroral streamers, and other celestial bodies. When observed through haze, light fog, moving clouds, or other obscurations or unusual conditions, the planets, including Venus, Jupiter, and Mars have been reported as unidentified flying objects. Stellar mirages are also a source of reports. Satellites are another major source of UFO reports. An Increase In satellites reported as UFO's has come about because of two factors. The first Is the in. crease of Interest on the part of the public; the second is the Increasing number of satellites In the skies. Positive knowledge of the location of all satellites at all times enables rapid Identification of satellite sightings. Keeping track of manmade objects in orbit about the earth is the responsibility of the North American Air Defense Command slace detection and tracking system. This sophisticated electronic system gathers complex space traffic data instantly from tracking stations all over the world. Other space surveillance activities include the use of ballistic tracking and large telescopic cameras. ECHO schedules are prepared by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center at Greenbelt, Md., and schedules of the south-north Equator crossings are prepared by the Smithsonian Institution at Cambridge, Mass. From the data produced by these agencies, satellites mistakenly reported as UFO's can be quickly Identified. Some of these are visible, to tho naked eye. Aircraft account for another major source of UFO reports, particularly during adverse weather conditions. When observed at high altitudes and at some dis- tance, aircraft can have appearances ranging front disc to rocket shapes due to the reflection of the sun on their bright surfaces. Vapor or condensation trails from Jet aircraft will sometimes appear to glow fiery red or orange when reflect- ing sunlight. Afterburners from Jet aircraft are often, reported as UFO's since they can be seen from great distances when the aircraft cannot be seen. The Project Blue Book Office has direct contact with all elements of the Air Force and the Federal Aviation Agency civil air control centers. All aerial refueling operations and special training flights can be checked immediately. Air traffic of commercial airlines and flights of military aircraft are checked with the nearest control center, enabling an immediate evaluation of aircraft mistakenly reported as UFO's. However, since many local flights are not carried, these flights are probable causes of some reports. Balloons continue to be reported as UFO's. Several thousand balloons are released each day front military and civilian airports, weather stations, and re- search activities. There are several types of balloons-weather balloons, rawinsondes, radiosondes, and the large research balloons which have diameters up to 300 feet. At night, balloons carry running lights which cause an unusual appearance when observed. Reflection of the sun on balloons at dawn and sunset sometimes produce strange effects. This usually occurs when the balloon, because of its altitudes, Is exposed to the sun. Large balloons can move at speeds of over 100 miles per hour when moving in high altitude jet windstreams. These balloons sometimes appear to be flattened on top. At other times, they appear to be saucer- shaped and to have lights mounted inside the bag itself due to the sun's rays reflecting through the material of the balloon. The Balloon Control Center at Ifolloman Air Force Base, N. Mex., maintains a plot on all military upper air re. search balloons. Another category of UFO evaluations labeled "Other" includes missiles, reflec- tions, mirages, searchlights, birds, kites, spurious radar indications, hoaxes, fire- works, and flares. Aircraft, satellites, balloons, and the like should not be reported since they do not fall within the definition of an unidentified flying object. CONCLUSIONS To date, the firm conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no unidentified flying object reported, Investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever
509 given any Indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings'categorized as unidentified represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of present.day scientific knowledge; and (3) there fins been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as unidentified are extra terrestrial vehicles. The Air Fores will continue to investigate all reports of unusual aerial phe- nomena over the United States. The services of qualified scientists and tech- nicians will continue to be used to investigate and analyze these report. and periodic reports on the subject will be made. The former chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Mr. Carl Vin- son, recently commented on tie conduct of the UFO program by the Air Force and stated that congressional hearings on this subject are unnecessary. The Air Force does not deny the possibility that some form of life may exist on other planets In the universe. However, to date, the Air Force has neither received nor discovered any evidence which proves the existence and Intraslcme mobility of extra terrestrial life. The Air Force continues to extend an open invitation to anyone who feels that he posesses any evidence of extra terrestrial vehicles operating within the earth's near space envel6pe to submit his evidence for analysis. Initial contact for this purpose is through the following address: Project Blue Book Information Office, SAFOI, Washington. I).C. Anyone observing what-he considers to be an unidentified flying object should report it to the nearest Air Force base. Persons submitting a UFO report to the Air Force are free to discuss any aspect of the report with anyone. The Air Force does not seek to limit discussion on such reports and does not wthhold or censor any information pertaining to this unclassified program. NONAVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS The following items are for Internal use only and are not available for dis. trlbutton to the public. These concern internal management and procedures for forwarding UFO reports to the appropriate agency: 1. Air Force Regulation 200-2. 2. JANAP 140. The Air Force has no films, photographs, maps, charts, or graphs of tin identified flying objects. Photographs that have been submitted for evaluation in conjunction with UFO reports have been determined to be a misinterpretation of natural or conventional objects. These objects have a positive Identification. The Air Force no longer possesses, and thus does not have for distribution, outdated reports on Project Sign, Project Girudge, Blue Book Special Report No. 14, and outdated Project Blue Book press releases. Nonmilitary UFO publica- tions should be requested from the publisher, not the Air Force. SUuOESTED READING MATERIAL Books listed below deal with facts and theories about our solar universe, the sun, planets, comets, meteorites, the universe, stars, constellations, and galaxies; telescopes, the computation of time as It relates to astronomy, star maps and charts, and the history of astronomy. "Sky and Telescope," by Sky Publishing Corp., Harvard College Obserratory. Cambridge, Mass. Monthly magazine, 00 cents per.copy. "Weather Elements," by Blair, published Prentice Hall. has an excellent chapter on often misidentified weather phenomena. "Planets, Stars, and Space," by Chamberlain, Joseph M., and Nicholson, Thomas D. An Illustrated, untechnicMl explanation of the earth, planets, stars, and the universe. Prepared in cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History. "Junior Science Book of Stars," by Crosby, Phoebe. An easy to read,- exciting story of what scientists know about the stars, planets, the Moon, and the Milky Way. "Challenge of the Universe," by Hynek, J. Allen and Anderson, Norman. Dis- cusses the nature of the universe; astronomy and cosmology, published by Scholastic Press. "The Story of t'ie Stars," by Maloney, Terry.* An Introduction to the universe; our solar system, our galaxy, and other galaxies. Many Interesting illustrated analogies hell) build concepts of size and distance. Includes reference to the Van Allen radiation belts and zodiacal light observation of 1060.
6000 "The World of Flying Saucers," by Menzel and Roy. A scientific examination of the classic UFO reports. "Tht Moon. Meteorites, and Comets," Dated 1963, by Middlehurst and Kulper, Continuous analysis of Soviet moon photos. Chapter on Siberian meteorlt" and photos or comets computation of various comet orbital photos. "The Nature of Light and color In the Open Air," by Minnaert, Dover Publica- tions. This is an excellent paperback written in understandable lay language. "Meteors," by Oliver. Standard text by foremost authority on meteors. "Photographic History of Mars," 1905-61, by Slipher, E. C., published by Lowell Observatory. "Anatomy of a Phenomenon," by Valle, Jacques. "First Man to the Moon," by Von Braun, Wernher. Total UFO (object) sightings Year Total Unidentified Source sightings 1947 ......................................... 122 12 Case files. 19ts ......................................... 156 7 Do. 1949 ......................................... 186 22 Blue book, page 108. 1950 ......................................... 210 27 Case files. 1951 ......................................... 1o 22 Do. 12 ......................................... 1, 601 303 Blue book, page 108. 1953 ......................................... 60 42 Case files. 1954 ......................................... 487 46 Do. 195 ......................................... 65 24 Do. 195 ........................................ 670 14 DO. 1937 ......................................... 1.006 14 Do. 1958 ....................................... 27 IQ Do. 1Wr........................................ 390 12 Do. Igo6 ......................................... 57 14 Do. 1961 ......................................... 601 13 Do. 1962 ......................................... 474 15 Do. 196 ......................................... 399 14 Do. 1964 ......................................... 56 19 Do. 1965......................................... 886 le Do. Total ...................... r......... 10,147 648 I Con piled Jan. 17, 1966.
TOTAL CA BY CATMOKY Astronon caL -.. ................................................... Aircraft Blon--------------------------------------------------- Insufient data............. Other. ..................... ""'.................................... Other ........... Satelie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Unidentifd-.....----- - ASTRONOMICAL SIG1TIN0S Meteor ........................... Other---------------f Total..---........ -.................... OTHr CASE Boames, hallucinations, unreliable reports and psychological canses.. Missiles and ------- o------------------------------------- Reflections ................. Flares and fireworks ....... "-.................................... Miram and inveros ......... o- ..-- ............................. Search and groundlights.. ........... "........................... Clouds and contrails - ._-.............---- -------- ChatL............ Chaf . .............-....................................... Birds Radar analysis.. ............ ................................. Photo analysis ................................................. Physical specimens ............................................ Satellite deay ...............................................---..... Other ............................................................. Total ................................ Statietca datafor years 196"-41 19531 175 73 78 79 0 42 566 70 101 S4 1 14 I1 m I 1m937 137 8D 69 102 58 0 46 437 92 44 1 133 124 102 95 65 0 24 543 79 52 4 222 148 93 132 61 0 14 670 88 131 3 341 210 114 191 120 6 14 179 144 1s IM5819591190ar0A 221 104 50 111 93 13 10 827 168 56 7 144 63 31 65 75 0 12 390 100 40 4 235 66 22 105 94 21 14 57 187 203 77 37 115 77 69 13 591 119 78 6 175 137 I 133 I i 341 231 i -4I - I - I0 =i ~ 3 1- -=-i=I 144 I 1 62 6 4 1 6 4 3 6 3 3 7 7 1 6 0 7 59 4 8 4 14 2 0 3 1 2 - 4 65 16 3 3 6 1 9 1 1 6 3 4 3 0 0 61 37 2 2 8 5 12 9 2 1 27 1 5 0 9 120 g3~ 75 94 77 45 58 82 'ComplIed Nov. 1.1965. 8 5 1 3 1o 5 14 14 11 4 3 1 0 8 4 3 0 3 751 5 3 2 9 3 4 3 4 77 136 68 19 94 65 77 15 474 95 36 5 136 11 9 3 3 3 3 4 5 2 0 2 15 3 1963 1964 Total 73 23 59 50 82 14 399 57 23 6 As~ 2 2 1 3 3 4 4 58 123 71 20 99 W, 143 19 562 61 55 7 1231 31 7 2 7 2 6 0 1 4 2 6 3 3 -- 6 I I I I I I 1.167 Wrs 1.240 916 417 237 6,817 1.295 67 22n 'X3 51 59 37 47 27 34 87 40 70 23 48 916 1958 1960
&at istics for 1965 1 January Astronomical ............................. Aircraft ............................ Balloon ................................... InSu~ckent dat ................ Other ....... ................. Satellite .................................. Unidentified ............................. Pendhig ................................. Total ............................... ASTUO'NOM1CAL CAMK Meteors............................... Stars and planet .................. Other .........................--.. " Total ............................... OTHIR CATEGOKY Hoaxes, hallucinations, unreliable re- ports, and psychological emus ........ Wissiles and rockets .................. etions ............................... ta,.,e . an fi ,mks ...................... .. Mirages and inversions ....................... Search and ground lights ................. Clouds and contrails ...................... Chaf .......................................... Physical scimens ................... lyh ix ---- --- . . . . ....... ... ... .. Photo anaysis ..................... ..... Satellite decay ........................... . Miscellaneous ............................. 1 Total............................. J Compiled Ja. 18 19M. 2 Solar Image. 3 Moon. 4 Sun. 3 Reflected moonlght, parbelis, moon. * Reected moonlight. T Comet Ibeya-Seki. Febru- %larch April May June July I. I-.--.....-! 1 .1 ________________ I August 92 61 6 24 42 41 4 - a *'-~--.---! *-.-.-...-...f .1 ~ ....... - Set~xn 30 20 2 15 7 24 4 9 Octolm-r 27 12 3 Novrui- ber 22 14 0 3 11 0 1 JDecein- her 12 5 2 1~ 3, 3 01 ieI ~.I 4 4I 6 3 21 '4 10 8 1 ...... .... .! 2 I ... Ioo- I. ...... .... I 1312 7 o.......... o.......... 2 8 '1 8 36 41 3 13S 262 1 04 70 55 I~J~l==l= a a. a ____________ a -~I~ I - a 4 2 10 27 82 30 "":. ."::.. . i" 2 1 1 2 1?2 .......... _ ..... ..... 0 ..-...... 9 12 3 2 1 3 3 I 3 *1 12 13143 2 3024 42 1 1 1 0 101 a? . 0 .......... 7 3 1 1 .......... o ........ i.. ........ . ......... - - a a a I I 1 1 ...... .... 0 .......... o .......... : I 1 'Metal ball. 'Plastic bam t0 Gourd. "Anomalous propagation. 1' Electronie countermeasures. '3 False target. '4 Weather returns. : Developer smear. " Free falling object. ' 7 oor photo poes '5 No image on film. 19 Tracer bullets. 30Misinterpretation of conventional ob- jects (3). 12 0 1 0 4 ...... ..... I .o......... 3 Total 246 210 33 66 122 152 16 067 101 9 245 34 10 7 4 5 9 3 1 11 3 6 12 8 13 126 n Kites. 22 Debris in wind. 23 Man on ground. 24 Lighting. 23 Chemieal trails from research rocket. 2SMLitf launch. 1I I I 27 22 - --- ---
6003 FIRFJEBA.L REPORT Persons observing a fireball or meteor should report the Information to the American bleteor Society. The Information desired Is contained below. A very brilliant meteor or fireball Is reported to have passed In your vicinity on ---- at the hour of .. Will you please answer as fully as possible the following questions, which are asked on behalf of the American Meteor Society in order that permanent records of such phenomena may be obtained. When these reports are published each contributor whose report Is fairly complete will be mentioned, If pssible, and due credit given. It Is only by the help of those who can give personal Information that data can be secured for the computation of the orbits of meteors. These data are of great scientifle value and all reasonable efforts should be made to obtain them. You will be unable probably to answer all questions below. but answer those you can, as they may be of the greatest Importance. (1) Give your name and addre&,. (2) Where were you when you saw the meteor? (if the town Is small please give county as well.) (3) Give the date, hour, and minute when the meteor appeared; also kind of time used. (4) In what direction did It appear (or In what direction was it flrst seen)? This Is not asking in what direction It was going. (5) In what direction did it disappear (or In what direction was It last seen) ? For questions (4) and (5), simply N, 0), 8, or W is not accurate enough, unless those were the exact directions. If compass Is used, state It; also If magnetic correction has been applied to compass reading. (0) At what height did It appear? (Use degrees in answering.) (7) At what height did It disappear? (Use degrees in answering.) (8) Did it pass directly overhead (i.e., through the zenith)? (0) If not, to which side of the zenith did It go, and how far from It? (Use degrees In answering.) (10) Did It appear to reach the horizon? What sort of a horizon have you? (11) What angle did the Ith of the meteor make with the horizon and it which direction was It then going? (12) If you are familiar with constellations devribe the patli of the meteor through the sky with reference to stars. (13) Did the meteor appear to explode? (14) What was the duration of its flight in seconds? (15) Describe the train If one was left. If It lasted long enough to show drift, most carefully tell In what direction train drifted. Give sketch, if lK)ssile, showing this with regard to horizon. (10) What was the duration of the train In seconds? (17) Did you hear any sound? flow long after seeing the meteor was it before you heard this sound? Did you hear an actual explosion? How long after seeing the explosion was It before you heard It? (18) Of what color was the meteor? (10) What was the size of the meteor? (Compare It with the moon or with a planet or star.) (20) Was more than one body seen before the explosion (if any)? (21) What was condition of sky at time? (22) Give names and addresses of others who saw the meteor. (23) Please mail this reply to: Charles P. Oliver, American Meteor Society, 521 North Wynnewood Avenue, Narberth, Pa., 10072. The CHrAIRMAN. Mr. Secrtary, let. me ask you this. Should this .be an executive session? Secretary BRoWN. No, nothing I havot said so far lis been classified, and nothing I will say. The CIIAIMAN. Is there any reason to keep this executive? I think we have a lot of people otttside of the door. Lef them come in. Mr. PfficE. In yiew of the reason you are havig it, I see no ob- jection. The CHIRMA,. I don't either. Why not open the door? Mr. BRAY. I would like to make this observation off the record.
6004 Discussion off the record.) he CHIAIRBAN. We are going to decide what, the future is going to be. I am talking about this testimony now. If there is no reason for them niot being here let them ill here. Secretary BRowN. This letter is unclassified. Some of the ques- tions you ask may lead to classified material. Mr. ScOiWEIkER. Are all thei files unclassifled? The CHAIRMAN. Let them come in and listen to the testimony. When we get into the questions we will decide. Open the doors. ,Mr.Secretary, we will let.you start. You gentlemen who have come in, the Secretary is explaining a letter )te is sending to the committee. You gentlemen of the press, TV, and radio, whatever you represent, listen. That is the best way to find out. Go ahead. (Secretary Brown repeats his statement, previously read to the com- mittee.) The CHARMAN. 'Mr. Secretary I have before me some pags from Life magazine. I don't know what the date is, but it is recent. Mr. IELLE.JiR. Two weeks ago, I think. The CAir3n,%N. Two weeks ago. It mentioned 10,000-odd sightings of these mysterious objects. I note it has a picture. Have you seen this? I will pass it.on to you. Secretary BRow.'. Yes, I have seen the picture. The CIaAIR3[,.. Here are two pictures. One taken in Oregon in 1950 and the other taken 4 years later in France. They both look very much alike. Actunll, it.looks something like a battleship. Then here is something on another page here that. is alleged to have been seen in Michigan, and it is even sketched here with tn antenna and all that goes with it. Here is my question: Responsible, well-trained people, like pilots- I think some B-52 people, Mr. Kelleher? .Mr. I ELLEHER. I don't. recall that. I do remember sightings by commercial pilots. The ClIATIRAN. Certainly conunercial pilots have reported all kinds of things. How do you ex plain away these clearly defined mysterious things that, these responsible people allege having seen. How do your experts reconcile this? Secretary Bnowx. I will turn this over to my experts in a moment, .Mr. Chairman. However, I should like to say this: We haven't. explained all of the reported sightings which we have investigated. 11- have explained 95 percent of theme but. are not. sure about the other 5 percent. There are poesible explanations for the other 5 percent in most. cases. How- Over, since we can't prove that our findings are the correct explana- tions they are regarded as sightings which have not been completely accounteil for. The CHIAIRMfAN. 'liell, now, (toes anybody, in authority or of stature, allege that these things, whatever they may be, have come from other planets or from somewhere outside of this universe?
6005 Secretary BROWN. To the best of my knowledge, no one in the Air Force, anid no one in the executive branch has expressed such a be- lief. Nor have I ever heard a Member of Congress make such a state- ment. I know of no one of scientific standing or executive staiiding, or with a detailed knowledge of this in our organization who believes that the come from extraterrestrial sources. . The 91[AIRMAN. But. you have found parts of meteors and things of this character that have been continuing to hit. the earth forever? Secretary BROWN. Meteors, of course, are of extraterrestrial origin. I am talking about. extraterrestrial flying craft.. The CUAMTMAN. Objects that are made for the purpose of coming to earth? Secretary BnowN. That. is right. The CHAR.MAN. That. is what. I have in mind. Secretary BRowN. That is right. The CUAIRMAN. So then your testimony, or your answer in re- sponse to my letter in effect is that there are things caused by various phenomena, reflection of radar waves, the northern lights, somebody has said marsh gases. Secretary BROWN. Yes; that is another explanation of some of the phenomena. The CHIIRMAN. As well as meteors? Secretary BROWN. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. What else? Secretar y BROWN. Some of them turn out to be balloons. Some of them turn out to be aircraft seen under peculiar circunstances, and so on. And we can explain 95 percent of them this way. This does not imply that a large part. of the remaining 5 percent) the unexplained ones, are not also of this character, but we simply have not been able to confirm this because We don't htwe enough information about these siglhting. it may also be that there are phenomena, the details of which we don't understand, which are natural phenomena, and which account for some of the sightings we have not. identified. Tn certain instances, I think a further scientific explanation is a possibility. Therefore, we will continue to develop this approach. The COIATIRA?. NOW, we have here Dr. Hynek, and Major Quintanilla. We have these two gentlemen who are authorities on the Blue Book. One is a scientist, the other is the UTFO project officer. Now, we have asked that you gentlemen come. Dr. Hynek, is there anything you would like to say to us? Dr. IlYNEK. Mr. Chairman, tle press has recently treated me rather unkindly. The CAIRMAN. You ought to be chairman of this committee. Dr. HYNEK. Tie press has described me as "i puppet of the Air Force," and has stated that. I say only what the Air FOlre tells me to say. I would like to do something which may be a little daring, and read to the committee a statement I have prepared which has cer- tainly not been dictated by the Air Force. The CHlAIIRMAX. At tis point, I want you to turn the loud speaker up. 50-066 0--6--No. 5-8
6006 Now, Doctor, before you give us this, would you give your back- ground for the record? Dr. HyxiK. Yes, sir. This information is included in my state- ment, STATEMENT OF DR. 1. ALLEN HYNEK, SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANT TO THE AIR FORCE Dr. Hym K. My name is J. Allen Hynek, and I reside at 2628 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, Ill. I am director of the Dearborn Observatory and of the Lndheimer Astronomical Research Center, and Chairman of the Department of Astronomy at Northwestern University. Since 1948 1 have acted as a frequent scientific consultant to the Air Force on the problem of the UFO (Unidentifled Flying Objects) phenomenon. The UFO phenomenon might be defined as (1) the persistent re- porting by a wide cross section of the public, in this and in other countries, of alleged aerial objects which, to the observer, seem to defy explanation because of their appearance and behavior, and (2) the widespread and growing interest in these matters by segments of the public which, in some cases, has led to the formation of civilian orga- nizations dedicated to the investigation of the sai4 reports, often ac- companied by viliflcation of the Air Force for their handling of the problem, a matter not beneficial to the Air Force image. Sucli people generally charge either (a) that UFO's are in reality secret devices of the Air Force, whose existence is kept from the public, or (b) that the Air Force knows all about visitors from space and is de- liberately withholding information to prevent panic. A thiid aspect of the UIFO phenomenon hns been the association of the terms UFO or "flying saucer" with the idea of visitation of intelligences from outer space, an association which is not warranted either by the data on hand or by logical inference. It is entirely con- ceivable that there might be unidentified aerial phenomena about ts which have no connection with extraterrestrial visitation. Thus, the phenomenon should essentially be viewed in its entirety: The fact that the recent sightings in Michigan caused a reaction far out of proportion to the original sightings, the fact. that my press con- ference in Detroit the week before last was the largest in the history of the Detroit Press Club, the fact that I receive many letters from schoolchildren who are writing class reports on UFO's and indeed the fact that I am speaking here before you, are all parts of the UFO phenomenon. In this context, the kind of activity that, the press has reported in Michigan is not unusual. It only happened that the Dexter and Hills- dale incidents, although of little skentific significance, have attracted national interest. Now, similar incidents, and some considerably more intriguing, have been occurring for many years, Alithout suc treatment on the part of the news media. While such glamorous at- tention is quick to wane, the underlying concern about T'FO's, fed by a continuous trickle of reports, is indeed growing in the mind and sight, of the public. During this entire period of nearly 20 years I have attempted to remain as openminded on this subject as circumstances permitted, this despite the fact that the whole subject seemed utterly ridiculous, and
6007 many of us firmly believed that like some fad or craze, it would subside in a matter of months. et in the last 5 years, more reports were submitted to the Air Force than in the first. 5 years. Despite the seeming inanity of the subject, I felt that I would be derelict in my scientific responsibility to the Air Force if I did not point out that the whole UFO phenomenon might have aspects to it worthy of scientific attention. What we have here is a signal-to-noise ratio problem: Tlere is indeed p fantastic amount of noise, represented by the many misidentiflcations of familiar objects seeni under unusual or surprising cireumstances-balloons, birds, satellites, meteors, air- craft, stars-yet, in all scientific honesty, one is led to ask whether there might not indeed bea signal somewhere in the noise. Is a scientist, I must be mindful of the lessons of the past; all too often it has happened that matters of great. vahe to science were over- looked because the new phenomenon simply did not fit the accepted scientific outlook of the time. Thus, the evidence of fossiles for biologi- cal evolution was overlooked; X-roys were overlooked, meteorites were overlooked as astronomers steadfastly refused to accept stories of stones which fell from the sky. Therefore, I have set aside for further study some 20 particularly well-reported UFO cases which, despite the character, technical com- petence and number of the witnesses, I have not been able to explain. I have done this to illustrate that neither I nor the Air Force hide the fact there are unexplained reports, and to Illustrate also that the Air Force does not maintain, contrary to some public opinion, that re- porters of UFO's are lacking in intelligence or are objects fit. only for ridicule. For of these reports, 10 are from scientists and highly trained indi- viduals, 5 are from members of the Armed Forces, and members of the police force and 5 are reports made by reliable American civilians. In my view, the reliability of the observers was above average in all 20 cases. The recent cases in Michigan have not been included in this particular collection since I feel that they are subject. to simple, albeit somewhat unusual, explanation. I cannot prove beyond doubt that this is the case, but. these two now famous reports Illustrate the method the Air Force has used with great success in finding logical explanations for the great majority of the rePorts. We have used as a working hypothesis, when flrst confronted with a report, that a conventional explanation existed, either as a inisiden- tiflcation or an otherwise well-known object or phenomenon, a hallu- cination or a hoax. This has been a very successful and productive hypothesis. One must be aware, however, that. complete adherence to one hypothesis may turn out to be a roadblock in the pursuit of research endeavors. As the saying goes, "If one digs too intently for coal he is apt to miss diamonds. Scientists should never be guilty of poverty of hypotheses. And in dealing with the truly puzzling cases, we have tended either to say that, if an investigation had been pursued long enough, the misidentified object, wouldlmave been recognized, or that the sightin6had no validity to begin with. The UFO public, on the other hand, is equally prone to poverty of hypotheses: Either UFO's mean utter bilge and nonsense, or they
6008 jump to the far-out conclusion that the earth is host to space visitors. Surely, in scientific fairness, we must examine other hypotheses. As early as 1952, in a paper written for the journal of the Optical Society of America, I called for scientific attention to the problem pointing out that "ridicule is not a part of the scientific method and the public should not be taught that it is." In 1953, I had further recommendations to make, when I wrote in a report to the Air Force: It occurs to me that the public Interest In "flying saucers;$ may be dormant, but can be excited with small provocation. I would recommend that: (1) se- lected "unknowns" continue to be worked upon and due publicity be given them when a satisfactory solution Is reached; (2) an announcement be made that the Air Force Is Interested in the phenomena which cause reports on a scientific basis; (3) use of a small civilian sclentifle panel to examine a few selected "unknowns." And this, I repeat., was my recommendation in 1953. In 1965, in my capacity as scientific consultant, I again advised that the reports be studied by a civilian scientific group, In a letter to the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force: It there be any potential scientific value In the fragmentary UFO reports, as scientific consultant It Is clearly my duty to point this out. I have done so, In the past on a less formal basis, In private conservation with, and Informal reports to, Air Force officlals-I feel It Is my responsibility to point out that enough puzzling sightings have been reported by Intelligent and often technically com- petent people, to warrant closer attention than Project Blue Book can possibly encompass at the present time. * * * If the preliminary survey of the problem should bear me out; namely, that there exists the possibility of new scientific Information In the UFO phenomenon, then definitely let the recommendation be made to have the National Academy of Sciences, or some other civilian group of recognized stature, undertake a longer study of the reported phenomena. I am happy that my appearance before this committee affords me a chance to once again reiterate my recommendations. Specifically, it is my opinion hat the body of data accumulated since 1948 through the Air Force investigations deserves close scrutiny by a civilian panel of physical and social scientists, and that this panel should be asked to examine the UFO problem critically for the express purpose of determining whether a major problem really exists. I would, of course, be willing to assist such a panel in whatever way I might and would oven be willing to take a short leave of absence from my university if it would help place this problem in its proper peTspecti Ve. Thank you. The CrARMAN. You say you can't write these reports off. You can't ridicule those who have made them. They are highly responsible people , in various walks of life, that have reported them. And that sometime in the pasL you recommended that a panel be set up to clear these things, a civilian panel, to obviate the accusation that the Air Force is or has been hiding their reports. Now, are you saying to us this morning that there should be a panel set lip of scientist's authorized by the Air Force before whom these things may be brought., and from whom a report could come I Dr. HYNEK. Yes, sir. I am saying that. This would be the gist of my statement. However, I have been scooped by Secretary Brown who has men- tioned that the Scientific Advisory Board has recommended the same thing.
6009 The CHArMMAN. What you have recommended is being done now? Dr. Hyzi.K. It is about to be done, I believe. The CJIAIRMAN. Is about to be done? Dr. HYNEK. Yes. I should like to make one comment: The puzzling thing is that one would think many more people would see these flying objects than do. There should be many more wit- nesses. We should see a craft, if it actually exists as a tangible thing, and we should see it go from point to poit. This doesn't seem to happen. Also, there should be far more radar sightings. During the international geophysical year, I was in charge of the optical satellite tracking program, and you would think with the surveillance that the astronomers placed on the sky, if these objects existed as tangible objects surely these astronomers would have seen more than they did. It is a ailemm a. It. is a puzzle, as you say, as to ]low responsible ?eople can report such objects,.and that they are not obvious to scientists. The CHAIRMAN. And then they see them and they disappear and they don't know where they go, and they land in these remote places where there is no intelligence to procure I Dr. HYNEK. I would say so, yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. We don't know where they go, who they have on board, we see them a few moments, and then they are gone. This is the end of that.. This is what puzzles me. I am not going to ask further questions, because I am not knowledgeable with respect to the varying reports that have been made. So I will turn it over to some of the experts, and I will start with Mr. Bates. Mr. BATS. Mr. Chairman, I don't know-if I have to qualify on that basis. But, Secretary Brown, you indicated no one of scientific knowledge in your organization has concluded these phenomena come from extra- terrestrial sources? Secretary BRowN. That is correct. We know of no phenomena or vehicles, intelligently guided, which have come from extraterrestrial sources. I excluded meteors, which do come from extraterrestrial sources. Mr. BA'ir. Is this your conclusion, Doctor? Dr. HYNES. This Is also my conclusion. I know of no competent scientist today who would argue the sightings which do puzzle intel- ligent people. Puzzling cases exist, but I know of no competent scien- tist who would say that there objects come from outer space. Mr. BATES. Then what you are looking for is an explanation in nat- ural phenomena, thus far you have not determined the factors involved Dr. HYNEK. Yes. Mr. BATFS. But the interesting thing, of course, is we have so many prominent people in the scientific worldyhere who have taken a positioii a rather strong position-I have here a letter from a constituent of mine. He is a project administrator or engineer in the MINUTEMAN program. That is a responsible position, would we say? General MCCONNELL. Yes. Mr. BATES. On the basis of scientific ability lie has been given a rather important position toward the security of this country; is that correct?
6010 Secretary Bio. I would like to know who he is and what his responsibilities are before I comment on this, Mr. Bates. Certainly, from the information contained in the letter that you quote, he appears to occupy a position of some responsibility. Mr. BATES. It does seem to be. And as I read the letter which he has written to me, it is certainly written by a well-educated person. And of course, we here all kinds of comments on the other side of the issue now, with this Lunar II excursion around the moon, people say I sup- pose the people up there are making the same kind of reports as the doctor has just made to us. They are making these kinds of state- |nents. Doctor to be more specific, the paper which I have--Mr. Chairman, I would like to met unanimous consent to insert in the record the in. formation which-ins been provided to me. The C01AIRAN. Without objection. (The letter to Congressman Bates is as follows:) WENHAIf, MASS., April 1, 1966. CONORMSs OF THE UNITED STATES, House of Represcntatlves, Wash I ngtm, D.O. (Attention, Speaker John W. McCormack). DEAR SiR: My name Is Raymond E. Fowler. I am employed as a project administrative engineer In the Minuteman Program Office for Sylvania Electric Products, Waltham, Mass. I am presently serving as chairman of a Technical Investigating Subcommittee for the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena, Wash., D.C. The reasons for my writing are twofold, flrstly-I have been asked by NJOAP to submit to you our subcommittee's complete file covering our investigation of the Exeter, New Hampshire UFO sighting witnessed at close range by local citizens ahd police officers on September 8, 1005. I am sure that you are aware of this sighting as It gained nationwide publicity recently through NICAP-backed articles in the Saturday Review and Look magazines. Secondly, I do want to put myself on record as supporting the claims and views of NICAP and others which Indicate that congressional hearings on the matter of UFO's are long overdue. I feel that the American people are capable of understanding the problems and Implications that will arise It the true facts about UFO's are made known offically. The USAP public Information program and policy, as directed by the Pentagon, of underrating the significance of UFO's and not releasing true, perti- nent facts about UFO's, Is not only a disservice to the American people now but In the long run could prove to have been a foolish policy to follow. After years of study, I am certain that there Is more than ample high-quality observational evidence front highly trained and reliable witnesses to indicate that there are machinelike solid objects wider Intelligent control operating In our atmosphere. The aerodynamic performance and characteristics of the true UFO rule out manmade or natural phenomena. Such observational evidence has been well supported In many Instances by reliable instruments such as cameras, radar, gelger-counters, varlometers, electrical interference, physical indentations In soll and scorched areas at landing sites, etc. I am reasonably sure that If qualified civilian scientists and investigators are able to come to this conclusion, that the USAP, supported by the tremendous facilities at Its disposal, have come to the same conclusion long ago. However, present official policy deliberately attempts to discredit the validity of UFO's and a wealth of data and facts are not being released to the public. I trust that you will examine the attached UFO report and related corre- spondence In detail. Sightings such as the Exeter, N.H., sighting have and are occurring throughout the world at night and In the daytime. It is high time that the real facts about UFO's are released. A public information program should
6011 be Inaugurated that presents facts. I am urging you to support a full con. gressional open Inquiry on the UFO problem. Sincerely, RAYMOND E. FOWLW1, Ohaoiman NIOAP MaesachusettsSuboommittee. (The nttachnents to the previous letter are as follows:) (Ecerpt from Manchester (N.H.) Union Leader, Sept. 6, 19051 POLICE, CIVILIANS S0iowT UFO Ir EXETER AREA Exzrm.-At least fire people here, Including two police officers, have reported seeing a flying saucer In this area. The Incidents occurred early Friday morning. According to those who saw the unidentified flying object, It was about the size of a house and had a red glow around It, and moved silently through the night. When Exeter police investigated a parked car on the Exeter-Hampton bypass at abont 12:30 Investigating officer Eugene Bertrand, who approach the car and found two women in a state of near shock. They told that they had been chased along Route 101 all the way from Epping, about 12 miles, by flying object which glowed with a brilliant halo of red. According to the women, the "thing" fol- lowed their car until they stopped. As the one woman told their story one of them sighted the object once more, about 2 miles away, which Bertrand thought was a star low on the horizon. REPORrs CHASE At 12 a.m., Norman J. Muscarello, 1K. of 20% Front Street, Exeter, came Into the police station with a hair-raising report of having been chased by a flying object as he was hitchhiking toward Exeter on Route 150 In Kensington. Musearello told Desk Officer Reginald Toland that as he walked along the highway, a large, brilliant object began making passes on an adjacent field and house and along the highway. Not knowing what It was and being understand- ably shaken, he crouched In a ditch along the road as the object, so brilliantly red that Its shape could not be determined In the glow, made what seemed to him to be searching passes at him. Shortly thereafter the "thing" disappeared silently, as quickly as It had ap- peared. Misearello then hitched a ride to the police station and related what he had seen. Athlough Muscarello's story was extraordinary, Patrolman Bertrand drove him back to the scene of the incident In the police cniser. When they arrived, nothing was there. POLICE SEE UPO Officer Bertrand suggested that they walk Into the field where the flying object was last seen, and they were Joined there by Exeter Patrolman David Hunt, who also drove to the Bcene, Bertrand was talking reassuringly when Muscarello shouted "Look, there It Is, rising up from behind those trees." The officers spun around and looked. Front behind a stand of trees In the black of the night, a huge blinding glow of brilliant red light surrounding It, the object rose, not fast but waveringly. It traveled slowly and yawed slightly from side to side. They were stunned by the blinding red light as It moved toward them across the field. The object seemed to be coming toward them and Bertrand made a move toward his police service revolver but thought better of it. Then the three men ran to the police cruisers. When questioned on the size of the object, Officer Bertrand estimated it to be "about the size of a house." Usually, when Incidents such as this are reported, the sightings take place over a period of a few seconds, but in this instance, the men observed the object for 11 or 20 minutes at what appeared to le a relatively short distance. One of the most amazing points which Officer Bertrand made while being In- terviewed was the complete absence of sound as the flying object hovered over
6012 a nearby farm building, casting a brilliant glow over the dwelling, while the farm animals in the barn caused a tremendous commotion. Horses whinnied and kicked the walls of their stalls. Then the object disappeared rapidly in the distance. ANOThER SIGHTINO Officer Eugene Bertrand's report on the trio's sighting of the strange object was made to Officer Toland, desk man at the Exeter police station, at 2:55 a.m. Then at 3:30 p.m. Officer Hunt reported from his cruiser that he had again sighted the UFO, while he was at the Intersection of the Route 101 bypass In Exeter and Route 87 to Newfields from Exeter. Topping the strange activities, Exeter police reported that a telephone call from. an unidentified pay station In Hampton had been made by a hysterical man, but that the line had gone dead before the call could be completed or the pay phone station Identified, The man had dialed the operator and cried "Get me the police" and said he had been chased by a flying saucer. Hampton police were notified, but nothing was determined about the point from which the call was made, what had frightened the man-or why the call was so abruptly broken off. NATIONAL. IN V.STIoATIONS CoMttrT1= oN0 AERTAL, PurENONMNA, lVahsngfton, D.C., September 15, 1965. RAYMOND FOWLER, We, ham, Mats. DEAR RAY: Your excellent report on the September 3 New Hampshire sight. wings has been received. You certainly are to be commended for a prompt and thorough Investigation. The Information Is most Interesting and will be of great value. We are very fortunate to have people of your ability donating their services to us. Mr. John Fuller of Saturday Review may be getting In touch with you about these sightings. lie Is doing a straightforward column (he writes 'Trade Winds") on the recent wave of sightings, and has long had a sincere Interest In the subject. We are cooperating fully, and I have given him a lot of specific information. Our New York No. 2 Subcommittee In Chautauqua County (western New York.) and an intelligent young member have been investigating a landing report near Buffalo (Cherry Creek) August 10. It appears to be a solid case, and caused several E--M effects. On the same night as the New Htampshlre sightings, two police officers near Angleton, Tex. (Between hlouston and gulf coast) saw a reddish UFO on the ground in a field, started to Investigate until the object moved toward them- whereupon they fled In panic. Sounds very similar to New Hampshire, but we may not be able to get much details. Thanks again for your hard work on our behalf. Sincerely, DICK HALL.
6013 2~' ~'* / N ~1 )()()J I: / ~..) '.4 / N / 7 *' \ / (. / / "I N / / I (I. (7 . ' _. _. - wni *.EV rz I .t sv.. TO CQ iP? ) Ito t:I Al\ , n¢o:j'c.4 \ 1 C' '2 0 / , v') t- .. t vz: ADDENDUM' II (UFO Report, September 3, 1065, Kensington, N.H. (Bertrand-itnt-Muscarello)) Subject: Weather, September 3, 195, a.m. To: NICAP, Washington, D.C. From: Raymond E. Fowler, chairman: NICAP Massachusetts Investigating Subcommittee. U.S. Weather Forecast: Skies: Clear. Wind direction: Northwest, Wind velocity: 5 miles per hour. Temperature: Lower fifties. Respectfully submitted. RAYMOND B. FOWLB, NIOA P Invest~gator. 50-066 0-8-No. 65 4 BEST AVAILABLE COPY C?,-:: v'3,.ll tt . 6:;r.:
6014 [From the Satwiday Review, Oct. 2, 1965) ADDENDUM IA (UFO RPT, Sz'rPMai 3, 1965, KSNSINOTON, N.H. (BERTRAND- HUNTMUScaLLO)) TaD WziNn (By John 0. Fuller) Whien the tidal wave of reports about unidentified flying objects hit even the august pages of the New York Times last summer, we made a mental note to follow the story through to see Just what conclusions might eventually be drawn. State pollee in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico had risked their jobs and reputations for sanity in reporting a wide number of observations, corrobo- rated by radar trackings from the Tinker and Carswell Air Force Bases. Later, however, the Air Force made It a point to release a statement that the radar trackings did not correspond to the visual findings of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety, and the story disappeared from the pages of the press. Skepticism is a healthy thing, especially when you get Involved with whirling saucers that defy the laws of aerodynamics. But curiosity Is also a powerful force, and It was for this reason that we decided to track down at least one specific case of UFO chasing. A phone call to the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomenon In Washington, D.C., put us In touch with Richard H. Hall Its acting director. We learned from Mr. Hall that the Oklahoma State Police had released a nine. page report through Its department of public safety, contradicting the Air Force statement and indicating that without question the Carswell Air Force Base radar trackings and the State police visual reports were identical. What's more, a steady stream of new findings had been received by NICAP. Moat interesting was a report that the NICAP representative in New England, Mr. Raymond Fowler, was just completing a survey on an alleged landing of a UFO In Exeter, N.H., witnessed by not Just one but two police officers. We talked successively and at length to Mr. Fowler; Lieutenant Cottrell of the Exeter police; the Hampton, N.H., police desk; James R. Bucknam, managing editor of the Manchester (N.) Union Leader; Officer Bertrand, of the Exeter police force; and the Pease Air Force Base in nearby Portsmouth, N.H. Understandably, the Air Force Is extremely wary about the matter of UFO's, and the Pease base could only confirm that a large number of sightings had been reported locally. Beyond that, however, we were able to piece together the following story: Shortly after midnight on September 8, Officer Eugene Bertrand of the Exeter police force was on routine duty. cruising along an overpass on Route 101 near the town. He pulled up besides a parked car and found In It two women who were visibly disturbed. They reported to him that an airborne object, bright red and flashing, had been trailing them for nearly 12 miles, all the way from the town of Epping. Bertrand, an Air Force veteran of the Korean war, was skeptical, made a routine radio report, and went on with his cruising. Within that same hour, Norman Muscarello, an 18-year.old resident of Exeter, was hitchhiking home from Amesbury, Mass., and had reached a point 2 miles out of town along Route 150, near Kensington. According to his statement to the police, he looked up Into the sky and saw a similar object approaching him with a yawing, kitelike motion. He threw himself against a stone wall while the object hovered over a nearby farmhouse, lighting up the entire area. He finally made a run for the farmhouse as the object sailed out of sight. Unable to make sense of his hysterical story, the -farmer took no further action and the boy hitchhiked Into town. Here he reported the story to the police, even though he was In a state bordering on shock. It was now about 2 a.m., Officer Bertrand was called on his car radio and Instructed to take the boy back to the farm area to Investigate. "I was sure that these women and this kid had seen a helicopter, or something like that," Officer Bertrand told us. "But we went out to the spot, and I parked the cruiser. It was a clear night. No wind. No fog. We walked about a hundred yards out on the field, near a barn where a lot of horses were kept. Then, the kid yelled, 'There it is!'
6015 "He was right. It was coming up over a row Of trees. There was no noise at all. It was about 100 feet In the air, and about 200 feet away from us. I ?ould see five bright red lights in a straight row. They dimmed from right to left, and then from left to right-just like an advertising sign does. It lit up everything around us. But it was silent. The horses started kicking and making an awful fuss, and the dogs In the farm started barking. The kid froze In his trucks, and I grabbed him and pulled him toward the police car. I reached for my revolver and then thought better of it. Then Officer David Hunt arrived In another patrol car. "We sat there and looked at it for at least 10 minutes. My brain kept telling me that this doesn't happen-but It was. right in front of my eyes. There was no tall, no wings, and again no sound. It hovered there. still about 100 feet away, sort of floated and wobbled. I don't know what It was. All I can say is that It was there, and three of us saw It together." Nobody else can tell you exactly what It was, either. Lieutenant Cottrell will tell you that the whole story is on the police blotter, and that you can't find two better officers than Hunt and Bertrand. "It I didn't believe these guys, I'd put 'ei in a locked room and give 'en some blocks to play with," he says. The Hampton police will tell you that too many reliable people have reported these sightings to doubt them. The editors at the Manchester Union Leader and the Exeter News.Letter will tell you that the reports are front too many reliable sources to doubt. Moreover, officials susl*ct other local UFO landings have gone unreported. As Lieutenant Cottrell said, "If I had seen that thing-and I was all alone. nobody else would have ever heard about It." (From the Haverhill Gazette, Oct. 27. 190l PtNTAaOON DOESN'T BELIEVE. UFO BxMrsa SrOnTISOS WAsniNoTox, D.C.-The Pentagon beawves that, after intensive Investigation, It has come up with a natural explanation of the UFO sightings In Exeter, N.H., on September 3. A spokesman said the several reports stemmed front "multiple objects in the area," by which they ntian a high-altitude Strategic Air Command exercise out of Westover, Mass., was going on at the time in the area. A second important factor was what is called a weather inversion wherein a layer of cold air Is trapped between warm layers. The Pentagon spokesman said this natural phenomena causes "stars and planets to dance and twinkle." The spokesman said "We believe what the people saw that night was stars and planets In unusual formations." (This Is the official Air Force "explanation" for the September 8, 1005, UFO sightings In the Kensington.Exeter, N.H. area. I have asked the USAF public Information officer at the Pentagon for a copy of their official evaluation for the subcommittee and NICAP files') RAYLOND El FOWLER Chairman, ANIQA P Masach usetts Sub)commIttee. NICAP MAsSAoJIIBsErS INvTWsIATINO SUBcoMMtiTEe, Wenham, JIass. Subject: Addendum IV, UFO report, September 3, 1965 (Kensington, N.H.) (Ilertraund.Hunt-Muscarello). Date: October 10, 1965. From: Raymond . Fowler, chairman, NICAP Massachusetts Subcommittee. To: NIOAP. This newsclip Identifying UF) reports In the southern New Hampshire area is misleading. At the time of the September 8, 1905 UFO sighting I checked with the manager of "Sky-Lite Aerial Advertising C." and its aircraft was not flying on this night. On October 9 I went over the advertising plane's flight paths between August and October 8. The plane was not even airborne between August 21 and September 10. ISee later USAF letter In file which reverses their position.
6016 Joseph Rodina also Informed me that his aircraft rarely flies Into southern New Hampshire and when it does It is usually in the Salem and Manchester area, miles away from the Exeter area. He told me that he had told the Amesbury News that perhaps some UFO's reported In New Hampshire could have been his aircraft. Unfortunately, this newspaper used his statement to explain the sightings In the Seabrook area which borders Kensington, N.I.. The "Sky.Lite" aircraft* does not carry red flashing lights. It carries a rec- tangular sign carrying white flashing lights. It was not airborne during the southeast New Hampshire UFO flap. I have notified the Amesbury News of the true facts and have asked them to set the record straight I am Issuing this addendum to avoid further confusion. RAYMOND Fl FOWLER, Chairman, NICAP aasachtteclts Subcommflitce. [From the Amesbury (Mass.) News, Oct. 6, 19051 UFO IDENTIFID As AD Oi)muoK The unidentified flying object spotted In this area by many residents has fnl1lly been identified. It's a flying billboard whieh contains 500 high-Intensity lights that spell out an advertising inessage. The electronic billboard Is towed by a specially rigged light aircraft owned by Sky-Lite Aerial Advertising Agency of Boston aul piloted by Daniel C. Vale of Londonderry, N.H. . Recently the rig has been flown over the Amesbury, Seabrook, and southern New Hampshire area carrying the advertising message, "Put a Tiger In Your Tank-See Your Eso Dealer." However, when spotted from an angle not directly below the aircraft, it gives the appearance of a flying saucer, quite like the "UFO's" described by the area residents. A spokesman for the firm said the sign Is 10 feet wide and 40 feet long. "The plane can turn on a dime, and when It turns. It gives the appearance of being stationary," the spokesman said. Earlier flights of the nlght.flying billboard south of Boston anlo prompted a flash to UFO reports before the "secret" was discovered. UFO SUM MARY SHE rT UFO reports-Sept. 3, 1966 Number Witness-Name and address Age Location of UFO sighIng Timo e.d.t. I ......... Unidentified woman motorist ....... () Route 10L, Epping to Exeter, - 1230 a.m. N.H. 2 and 3... Norman J. Musceelle, 2054 Front 18 Route 10, Kensin ton, N.H. *l.W-a.n. St.. Exeter, N.H. Russell and Dining proper. -:25 a.m. ties. 3 ........ Officer Eugene F. Bertrand (Exeter 32 .... d6 ........................ . Do. Polio Department) Pickpocket Road Exeter, N.1. 3 ......... Officer avid R. Huht, 11 Charles 26 ..... do ..... ........... :25 .m. St., Exeter, N.H. (Eseter Police Department) 4 ......... Offior David R. Hunt ................... Route 8VI01 Bypass, Exeter, 3:30 .m. N.H. ......... Unidentifled man ........................... I Hampton, N.H ............... Early a.m. i Not svalable. BAC AROUND I received news of the sighting through newscllps and from a friend whose niece is a policewoman for the Exeter, N.H., Police Department. I arrived at the Exeter police station at 6:40 a.m., on September 11. and interviewed Offlcer a *NoaT.-Thts aircraft flies out of Beverly Airport, Beverly. Mass. Usually the aircraft flies along the coast to Boston and back. It rarely Is airborne after 11 p.m.
6017 1lunt who filled out and signed all elght-lxige UFO questionnaire and later gave permission to use his name in connection with the report. I preceded to the residence of Norman Muscarello and discovered that he was out of State until September 11. Arningements have been made for a personal Interview upon his return. I then drove out to the sighting area of sightings two and three. and Interviewed residents In the general area. Next, I went to the home of Officer Bertrand and drove him back to the area of sighting two and three where lie filled out a IFO questionnaire, signed It and gave NICAP permission to use his name int connection with his sighting. While at the sighting area lie gave me a detailed description of the sightings and related Information. I Inter- viewed others In the area who had related Information and arrived back home at 2:45 p.m. My brother, Richard A. Fowler, and I returned to the area and took photographs. We walked several miles along some powerlines near the sighting area examining this area for any signs of a UFO landing. We feel that the UFO might have been attracted to the area by these powerlines. We found nothing. SIGHTINO ACCOUNT NO. I At approximately 12:30 a.m., e.d.t., Officer Bertrand canle, upon one woman (tint two as reported by newspapers) parked In an automobile on route 101 Just outside, Exeter. When asked If she needed htlp she said excltedly that she had been chased along Route 101 between Epping and Exeter for 12 miles by a flying object which was encircled with a brilliant red glow. She stated that the object dived at her moving automobile several times. When Bertrand asked where the object was, she pointed to what te thought was a bright star on the horizon, lie dlsnissed the Incident and after watching the light source for a few minutes to reassure the woman lie proceeded on it the cruiser, lie dismissed the Incident and did not attach enough importance to the woman's account to warrant obtaining her name. RIOHTINO ACCOUNT No. 2 (MOR DETAILS FORflCOtfINO PENDING PERSONAL -IN1TRVIW) At alproxinately I a.m., e.d.t., Norman .Muimarello was walking along Route 150 in Kensington, N.l., about 2 miles from Exeter. lie had been visiting In Amesbury, Mass., and had been thumbing rides home to Exeter. As he ai. preached the Clyde Iutsell residence lie was alarmed to s,, an object carrying at least four extremly bright red pulsating lights emerge from nearby woods and maneuver over the field adjoining the road which belongs to Carl Dining. It moved over the Clyde Russell home and hoverel there. The house was only 20 to 80 feet from where Muscarello stood and the object appeared to be just a matter of several feet from ti roof. Frightened thoroughly lie crouched down beside the stonewall which runs along the field. Several thes It seemed to move closer to hti. Its lights were so hrlght that the Hussell home was bathed with a red glow. Tilt% size of the object seemed to be much larger than the Russell home and Muscarello later told the pollee It was 80 to 00 feet long. The object was comilpletely silent. Then It moved back over the Carl Dining field and disllppeared over the trets. Muscarello pounded on the, door of the Clyde Russell home shouting that lie had seen a "flying saucer." The Russells woke up but refused to answer the door thinking that titt boy was drunk or some- thing. Musearello tiilily gave tip and started down the road toward Exeter. lie flagged down a passing automobile and received a ride to the Exeter polled ,tat lon. (The above account Is based upon Information received from Officers 1hunt aid Bertrand. I hope to receive more detailed Information from Norman Muscarello personally as soon as he returns from Rimde Island.) RIMITINO ACCOUNT NO. 3 Mutwwarello reported the Incident to Desk Officer Reginald Towland at about 1:45 a.m., e.dh.t. He was white with fear and hardly able to talk. A radio call was made to Officer Bertrand asking him to return to the station, pick up Muscarello and Investigate at the scene of the sighting which lie did. Upon arriving at the Carl J)lng field the object. was nowhere to be seen. After wait- Ing and looking from the cruiser for several minutes. Bertrand radioed head- quarters that there was nothing there and that tie boy must. have beell Imagining things. It was then suggested tlt he examine the field before
6018 returning, so Bertrand and Muscarello advanced into the field. As the police officer played his flashlight beam back and forth over the field, Muscarello sighted the object rising slowly from behind soe nearby trees and shouted. Bertrand swung around and saw a large dark object carrying a straight row of four extraordinarily bright red pulsating lights coming into the field at tree top level. It swung around toward them just clearing a 60- to 70-foot tree and seemingly only 100 feet away from them. Instinctively Officer Bertrand drew his service revolver. (He stated that Muscarello said that he shouted "I'll shoot it!") but thinking this unwise replaced It and yelled to Muscarello to take cover in the cruiser. He told me that he was afraid that they both would be burned by the blinding lights closing in on them. They ran to the cruiser where Bertrand immediately put in a radio call to headquarters for asslatance. Officer Hunt arrived within minutes and the trio observed the object move away over and below the tree line. Data (sighting No. 3)-Based on signed questionnaires and interviews with Officers Bertrand and Hunt. There is confusion concerning the exact times of the sighting. The police stated that the newspaper account stated that Muscarello arrived at the station at 12 a.m. Is incorrect and that it was probably close to 2 a.m., e.d.t. I have arbitrarily assigned the time as being 1:45 a.m., e.d.t., after taking every- thing Into consideration. Muscarello's mother also thought it was closer to 2 a.m. Perhaps after my Interview with Muscarello, I will be able to pinpoint the time more exactly. Based upon the 1:45 a.m. time and the fact that when the trio returned to headquarters and reported the sighting No. 3 to Desk Officer Towland at exactly 2:55 a.m., I figure that sighting No. 3 took place approxi. mately between 2:25 and 2:40 a.m. Sighting No. 3 took place over the field of Carl Dining In Kensington, N.H., on Route 150 about 3 miles south of Exeter, N.H. The duration of the observation was about 10 minutes by Officer Bertrand and Norman Muscarello and about 5 minutes by Officer Hunt when he joined the pair at the field. There was no trace of daylight at the sighting time. The weather was dry and cool with a slight breeze. Observing conditions were excellent. The moon had set at 11:15 p.m., e.d.t., and the sky was studded with stars. The exact shape of the object could not be seen by either police officer although Bertrand told me that It seemed compressed as if it were round or egg.shaped with definitely no pro. trusions like wings, rudder or stabilizer, I hope to obtain more details from Muscarello concerning the shape, size, and so forth of the object. The object carried at least four extremely brilliant pulsating red lights which appeared to flash In a steady sequence. They were arranged in a fixed straight line position. Officer Bertrand said that they were brighter than any light he hpd ever seen and at close range he found that he could not look directly at them. lie had the impression that he and Muscarello might have been burned if they did not run from the object as it approached then. He compared their brightness to that of automobile headlights shining directly In one's face at less than several yards away. The manner In which they pulsated gave Bertrand the distinct im- pression that this was an Intelligently constructed vehicle and definitely not some natural phenomenon. The lights were definitely seen to be part of a large dark solid object. The reflection off the object's body caused a halo effect around it. Both officers had eyeglasses on when viewing the object. Neither officer would give an estimate of how large the object itself was although )Bertrand was quoted to have said that It was as "big as a house." Bertrand told me that It was very large but the lights obscured it preventing him from seeing enough of it to know how large. When Officer Hunt arrived the object had moved off so what he thinks he only saw two of the lights. I was, however, able to obtain a statement from Bertrand concerning the apparent size of the object. He stated that when the object was at Its closest that It was almost the apparent size of a "grapefruit" held at arm's length. When lie first sighted it the size seemed to be that of a "baseball" held at arm's length. He estimated that it was 200 yards away when he first spotted It after Muscarello shouted. He said that at Its closest approach It Just cleared a nearby 60- to 70-foot tree. He said the object was very close and that it appeared to be about 100 feet away. While viewing it from the cruiser it manuvered over the field at about r0 yards away before moving out over the tree line. As it moved the object seemed to tilt back and forth from side to tide. The sighting area was open countryside with farms, fields, and woods. The object was first seen in the northeast and last seen in the north moving in an east
6019 to west flight pattern In a straight line with an. elevation of about 10 ° above the tree-line. Both officers had read a little an UPO's. Neither would venture an opinion as to what the object was but Officer Bertrand stated that it was definitely not an airplane or helicopter and that In his opinion that it was an intelligently constructed and operated vehicle. No sound was heard by the witnesses, even at close range but apparently the animals In the nearby barn of Carl Dining could hear or sense something that frightened them as (luring sighting No. 2 and No. 3 they whinnied and kicked their stalls. The dog which belonged to people across" the road was barking furiously. No Interference was noticed on the police radl, nor were the lights and ignition of the cruiser affected. Neither officer would estimate the object's speed but stated it was very slow. No scorched marks or Indentations were found in the field. Both officers agreed that their signed state- ments and names could be used by NICAP in connection with the report. SIJITINO ACCOUNT NO. 4 At 3:30 a.m. e.d.t., Officer Hunt sighted what appeared to be the same object hovering in the distance while at the Route 85-100 bypass in Exeter. He radioed Officer Bertrand who told him it was probably a star. Shortly after this lie looked for it again but It had disappeared. Since there was little detail in this sighting I did not bother to probe for details. SIGIITINO ACCOUNT NO. 5 To add to the excitement the police and others told me that an unidentified hysterical man tried to call the police during these early morning hours to re- port a UFO. He dialed the operator from a pay station in Hampton, N.H., and excitedly asked the operator to connect hint, with the police as he had been chased by a "flying saucer." Before the (all could be put through to the police, the tele- phone connection went dead, Neither the man or the particular Hampton pay station could be traced. MIITARY INVESTIOATION Officer Bertrand Informed me that soon after they made their report of sight- ing No. 3 to Detk Officer Towland they notified Pease AFB, Portsmouth, N.H., of the sighting by phone. Later Pease APB phoned back and arranged for the police officers to be interviewed. At around 9 a.m. that same morning, a USAF major and lieutenant in uniforms arrived, questioned them and drove oth Bertrand and Hunt out to the Carl Dining field where they had sighted the UO. They asked more questions and returned with the police officers to the station. The USAF officers asked the police to try to keep the sighting front the press so as to avoid alarming the local people. The police told the U:SAP officers that It was too late for this as several reporters already had the story (One had driven front Manchester on a motorcycle complete with black jacket, helmet, nnd goggles. I heard privately that he gave the police quite a start when lie camie into the station looking like a man front outer space.) Bertrand told me that most of the questions asked were the same as I had asked. The I'SAP team were particularly Interested In the size and shape of the object. One question that 4,uck In Bertrand's mind was that they wanted to know If the chickens on the Carl Russell residence next to the field were awakened and alarmed during the sighting. (Apparently they were not disturbed as they were not heard during the sighting although they may have and Just were not heard as the chicken house is probably 300-400 yards, at least from where Muscarello and Bertrand were standing In the field.) Three Interesting Items told to the police were that (1) that a USAP check had revealed no aircraft In the area (luring the time sighting No. 8 occurred; (2) that Pease APB had been receiving other UFO reports In the New Hamp- shire area almost nightly during the previous week: (8) they mentioned a sighting which took place In late Tuly concerning an automobile coming upon a UFO hovering over the road In front of them. I have the details and hope to look Into It. After returning Officers Bertrand and Hunt to headquarters, both the major and lieutenant returned to the sighting area and questioned residents living near the field. Mrs. Muscarello told me that two ISAP officers had questioned her son at length and that a .8. Xnvy officer also came to the honse and asked several questions about the sighting.
6020 INTERESTING SIDELIOITS 1. Mr. and Mrs. Chase of Kensington who live a few miles down Route 150 told me that: (a) An Air Force officer had gone around to all the stores selling news- papers in Exeter and purchased all copies of the Manchester, N.H., Union Leader newspaper which carried a detailed account of these sightings and a posed photo of Herman Muscarello and Officers Bertrand, Hunt, and Towland. The police had not heard of this and I did not check further. (a) Mrs. Chase, a nurse, was on duty at the Exeter Hospital during the sightings and told me that the Hampton, N.H. police phoned the hospital to see it a man was brought into the hospital suffering a heart attack or shock. This was in relation to the hysterical man who tried to reach the police by phone about being chased by a UFO. Reference sighting No. 5. (o) .rs. Chase also told me that a friend of hers, a Mrs. Parker Blodgett, works as a correspondent for the "Htaverhill (Mass.) Gazette" newspaper and was asked by the USAF not to publish UFO reports. (However, she did, as I have a copy of her article dated September ?, 1965.) 2. A Mrs. St. Laureate of Kingston Road, Kensington, N.H. told a church minister friend of mine that her brother, who usually cuts the hay on the Carl Dining field, refuises to do o because he has heard that the hay has been contaminated by radiation. 3. The police told me that for the past few weeks previous to the sightings they have received reports from people, some of them personal friends, of their whole house suddenly being momentarily illuminated by a bright reddish glow after they had gone to bed. No objects were seen. 4. Mr. and Mrs. DeMarco. N. Hampton Road (Route 88), Hampton, N.H., observed a star-like object blinking red which alternately hovered and moved in the western sky between 0 and 9:30 p.m. on September 5, 1005. Since Venus had set and Mr. De.Marco was a former USAF control tower operator who assured me that it was not an aircraft, I thought the report was worth mentioning. 5. A Mr. Rice, who owns a OB radio told me that he was talking over his radio with a Portsmouth, N.H., police cruiser on September 7, 1005, about 8:00 p.m. e.d.t. The officer told him that he was out investigating a UFO report and asked Mr. Rice to give him a call If he spotted It. lie said tht, UFO was supposed to be over the Hampton Falls area near where Mr. Rice lives on Route 88. No UFO was seen by Mr. Rice. The cruiser used call letters KMA-S610 and used both channel No. 2 and No. 0. 6. Since the UFO sighting at the Carl Dining field, many cars pull up and watch for the object at night. Mr. Dining had to rope off the entrance to his field and post It as people were littering his property. 7. Mrs. Muscarello thinks the USAF Lieutenant's name was Brant. & On my first two visits to the Carl Dining field on the morning of September 11, 1065, 1 saw a low-flying 0-110 Flying Boxcar pass over the area on both occasions. 9. Other clvilian UFO Investigators were given the brushoff by the police. I WAS very fortunate to have received such a good response from them. EVALUATION Characters of witnesses Muscarello: Comes from twice-broken home-has had problems with police and Is well.known by them-usually a cool, calm boy. Until my personal Inter- view with him I can say no more. Bertrand and Hunt: Credilble witnesses, good observers with a keen desire to relate only facts-I could not ewin I*rsmuidt them to gues at estimates of the object's real size and speed. The sightings Sighting No. 1: There Is enough similarity between the unidentified woman's report and the( detailed sightings No. 2 and No. 3 to warrant Its probable au- thenticity. The chances of a similar report occurring the same morning, unless it were authentic, is astronomical. It is possible that the object she pointed out to Officer Bertrand was Jupiter and not the object that had chased her. Sightings No. 2 and No. 3: The credibility of thb witnesqing police officers coupled with the sightings of .Musearello; th, many typical UFO characteristics
6021 exhibited by the object; the other correlated UFO reports and the military's interest and actions concerning the UFO reports, rate these as first-class UFO sightings by this investigator. Sighting No. 4: Insufficient Information but Interesting. Sighting No. 5: Again, the chances are astronomical that several people entirely independent of one another should report that they were "chased by a flying saucer" In the same general area. It Is possible concerning sighting No. 5 that someone could have been monitoring the police radio conversations about the UFO reports and decided to play a little joke but this seems unlikely. Not many people, other than responsible law enforcement officers are up tuning the police radio and at these wee hours of the morning. Thus, the report Is probably genuine. Why the unidentified man did not or could not complete his call to the police will have to remain on open question unless he steps forward and relates what happened. I was able to talk to many people during my Investigation. The great majority did not appear to be frightened about the Incident. This is contrary to what the USAF team thought would occur if the story got In the newspapers. Instead of fear, I found a tremendous curiosity on the part of people to know more about UFO's. Strangely enough many openly voiced the Interplanetary origin theory without any encouragement from me. Several years ago very few people other than those who have read widely about UFO's would talk like this. Slowly but surely over the years the public has been becoming UFO-conscious: Reports like this one coupled with wide publication will help much in informing the public- at-large of the reality and problem of UFO's. 50-066 0-66--No. 55----5
Co,, i - a d A;!=: Subcomn...'ztee E ".S,7 - V., m OyEesir OF JXSD roy 76a CO-4149=0
6023 U . 0 DATA SHEET Pago one This questio..nalro has beer, prepared go that you caa give as much i.afonatlo as possible oo..corni ig the "Unido.tified Plyl g Object" that you have observed. Please try to aieer a. maiy questlo.ts as you possibly ca,,. The i:tforoatlo.a that you give wl be used for research purposes. Your nare will not be used Iti omoctio. with aiay statements, coi,clusio.;s, or publicatio.. without your permission. Thi 3 you very much for your cooparatior. in this matter. Investigators National InvasLtgatioa Coatittee Aerla Pheom.na. tyvo.;d £. rowler 13 Friend Court I t. _ nham. Massachusetts4 ,1 1. vdheai did you see the object? I2. Tim of HUIi'% . I? / 75t U IJC L MO.%" YA (Circle One) s or P. 3, Tlo za:,ea (Circle One) a ternl (Circle One)3 0 Daylight .oral savi'.g Time do Pacific Tme e. Other Tim 4. *Whore were you whea you say the object? s al Atress City or thm State or CouMtry Additioasal remrks - 5. 4atimate how long you sow the.object. O4 HOVJAS MIU1 6301~O S.1 Circle one of the followi.,. to Indicate how certal,, you are of your aawer to Quostioa, S. a. Cearta,s a. Not very sure (t:'airly certa1, d. Just a guess 6. .hat was the m.dltioi. of the sky? (Circle One)e a. Bright daylight d. Just a trace of daylight b. Dull daylight e, § trace of daylight o. Bright twilight 't. Dont remember 7. If you sav the object durLig DAYLI , 2WILIGft, or DAWN, where was the SV4. located co you looked at the object? a. In froat of you c. To your right a. Overhead blnb4 , d. o " you *. Don't reme.bor
60024 Page 2 a. IfU ou4V tthe object at lI19W Ton1LIOW~, or .YAWN, what did you notice co:ce~i.gthe STARS a.-.d 14"1'( 8.1 *TARS (Circte osie)s a. t4oiie 8.2 HOWt (circle o:-'o)1 I co<as Bright mooilght 8. I~gat e~efber a. No stoalight- dark 0do Di't-remmcbgr '). afas the object brighter tha..; the backqrouid of the ascyt (Circle oi.e)t £Gjy"~ b, a*O 0. 0T R14)4jR 10.If it was BMMM-0 WhAR the sky background# vas the brightness like that of a.. automobile headlight a~peario.q to be? (CZRCL& ONZ sWAo) a. A r.ile or wore avayl(a dista.,t car) b. Several blocks away? a, A block away? do several yard a*&y 0 .t hor? I ~ ~ R a, f /!lN 2 t5a's4e RRd"pJ9 LI. Did the objects (Circle One for each ustio,l) a. AVA.ear to sta-id still1 at ay time? Vs OW3 I T K.10f b. buddo.,ly speed up ad4 rush away at amiy time? US~ cJWIT IWOI c. Break up i.ato parts or axlome Y.-6C OMIT KWOI d. Oive oft WOWe I ~ M IT' .40W e., Chaiqe brightness? dI4)L. jWV? KNOV Jo Cha.-ge shape? (V_ &6A'WMW go Flicker, throb, or pulsate? 3-~ 0 M IP T'KWOJ 12. Old the object move behi.A something at asy time, particularly a cloud? (Circle 0ne)# YZ$ 0 OC'T MCOW' It you aaevered XU theoi tell'what It moved behiaidu__________________ 13. Olid the object snove In fro bt of something at s.ty timo. particularly a cloud? W g)M It io (Circlo One) If you a..svored =as the,9 tell what It moved It, froat of, _____ .11.o Did the object appear(Circlo One) o%gjjg TAZSPARME? OMIT MWAO 15, oid you observe tWs object through aaiy ot the follovlig? a. 4'10glesses ()NO do VIimid0V glass YeS 1,10 go b. sun glasses V9- 040 ei to~c~.c ' ~ - *6 Wt-..IhirJ14 Yom "0 to '-'11l'i1re
6025 16. Tell 1,e a few words thu - " ;.&g th.-igs about the object. a. SOUD Page 3 AM MAJC b. COLOR - - nV 17. Draw a picture that Wll show the shape of the object or objects. Label a.aad include lit your sketch a.y details of the object that you saw such as wings, protruslo.as, ate., &A: especially exhaust trails or vapour trails. Placo a.. arrow beside the drawing to show the direction the object was mOVanIg. 01 v-.. ~e~I F - 7 ISP 18. The edges of the object weres (Circle One), a. Fuzxy or blurred e. Other b,&A lur b. Like a bright star ~ 9 j' *r A a a. Sharply outlined r- APt* 19. If there was MOMaa THAi Od object, the, how many vere there? Draw a picture of how they were arranged, &A put &4 arrow to pbov the directlot, that they were travelling. K._--
6026 20. Draw a picture that will show the motto:, that the object or Page 4 obJects 046.4. VIaco a; W at the bejl, ,l:., of the vatbt a 081 at th* e.d of the pathy ad,,' show a.y chao.ges i diroctLo durl,.g the course. 21. It POSIL&4 try to quo.. or catimat4 what the real aso~ of the object wasi it Its lOsgest dime:.sio.,e 22o H(ow large, did the object or objects Apetr as caipared't& wito of theo folowisig objects hold" I. tho had at &bout am's ls.,th? (Circle One)l a. Head of is-i.1 61vor dollar 41 b. Poa Da tsbal .. c. Dime Orapefmrtl d. Nickel Basketball ep") guaror" k Other ..... ..... f. Ha f-ollar '22.1 CIRCL, O, of the followi.ag to I.ALcatte hov certai.i you ae of your a.wor to tuestLo. 22. 6"04 certain Not very sur* Sbe Fairly certain d Uncerta.. 3). How did tho object or objects disapear frW,. view? ...... 24. In order that you ca. give -as clear a picture as possible of what you saw, vo would Ilko for you to ifgi.toe that you could co,,atruct the obJecV that you sW. Of what type iAtWUtIAL would you xak* It? How LA/J would It be, a A what WtiP. would It have? Describe is yow ov,. words a oo o.a object or objects vhich whe., placed up I;s the sky would give the isic agopeara.ce as the object which you say. It
6027 1Pa 3 25. Whora were you located when you 26. Wero you (Circle One)# saw the object? (Circle One)& a. Inside a buildi,,g s. to the lusiess, sct~o.a of city? b. In a car b. in t~ie residential eoctlo.a of ( Outdoors a city? In a-% airplay a* Zn Ope ooLitryatdo? es At sea *. ly.-g near a a irfield? . t, Other so. tly iq over a city? f. rly10 over opea country? 9. 27. What were you doig at the time you saw the object, a. hew did you happe, to .otice it? Lb i ao~ s/ s 7 4. 28. It you were KOVINO ZI AN AMU0T MI or other v"hcle at the tiae, then complete the :ollovl.q questions 28,1 4hat directio.t ware you roviig? (Circle On*e) a. orth a. test e. South g. Rest b. Northeast d. Southeast t. Southwest be Northwest 28.2 How fast were you vovinq? .41s pWr hour 28.3 Did you stop at a.,y time while obervng object? (Circle One), Y" nO 29. What dir*tio;, were you look.,g whe, you 71ZMl SAW the object?'(Circle a. North 0. &aet e. South 9. West & Northeast d. Southeast t. Southwest b. Northwest 30. "Ut diztio. were YOU lookl., who., you LAST MW the objectCCitle ouiu d) North c. "at t. South g. West b. Northeast do Southeast . Southwest b. Northwest 31. LC you are tsiliar with berlg terms(a..g uer d1teo:,), try to estimate the number of degrees the object was from true North a.d also the the ,uter of degrees It was upward fmro the horiso,(clevstio. / 31.1 dhwr, it first appeared A. rroi trua North _....degrees b. from horizo, ... 0 .degrees 31.2 Whe:, it disappeared, a. reos true North _degra b. ]ro-a horimo. _
6028 Sace 6 Loi the followi..g sketch, Imaol-te that you are at the poil.t SbOvrb. Place a. "A" 0.. the curved 1..,a to show how high tha object was abovo tho horLzo., (skyli -o) vhe.% you 1Z"T saw Its Place a B8 oa the guLp curved l. to ahow h.ow higb the object was above the horizo.. (eskylis@o) whio.. you UtbT saw Its I I I I B 3). I's t0e follow4.1g larger sketch place was who.- yU ?1R5? saw It, a d a 0& saw Ito rPdfr to waller sketch as tha larger sketch.) a.. "A' at the position the object at Its positio.. who., you LAST a.- oxaitple of Ohoie to coxi4ete ,lore, there a .y KIW4.l aircraft Lo.th sky durng. your isightik-g? it y ,m o.sred WS, was it followvi.g or attempti..g to i.4.rceat the Uiaido.LUd ?lL.g i.*oectl (CirCle 0,08 Y. 4140 It yWti a..rvered Y..l. pleaso circle TYaOa of aircraft 1 32.
6029 34. 4hat steo tho weather co ditlo. a 0& Cloar &ky b. Hazy c.ett,red~ clo~uds d. Thick or hoavy clouds oe .o..'t remocmbor a* Fog, r.It or light rai co. -'Liderate or heavy rain d, .- 0,1~ a. LW't, rcmemrber a-age 7 at the time you saw tha objecti 34.2 -. 11:E(Circle Ono) ~blight breezo d.~ rom~mbor 34.' TU4P&_PATUR%:(CIrcle Orne) a. Cold n a) Cool e. 4arm d. Hot es Don't remewxbor )3S, dho. did you report to coo,. official that you had sesi the object? Official or Organizatlo. N'amo(s) Day 110th Year PICO 136. Have you r-oad literature portal .1.9g to IUr~do.tiflod Plyig4 Objectsl (Circle Oo) .2> 40 It WS. how asuchl (Circle OnW. A Z4TTLS? 4QP).RAT.&LY NoTI VSVLY? 37 d4as a .yo..O a150 with you at tho tima you saw the object? (Circle One) :1i) 37.1 It you aawered Y~b, did they see the object toot (circle Chia) 9& J0 37.2 Please list their -ans.& d addrusses It you cIroled'Y6*s (A'ttac separate sheiet for above) 38. ':Ias ehia the first tim that you had seaa am objeot(s) like this (Circle ale) NO 38,3 lif you a -vared tio, the.-. who.o, whate, a d uiader what clrcuA'.sta coo did you a,-* tht other ________________ 39. 1.% your opt dlo *whbt do YOV thi-k the object(s) was a d what might havoc cauda4 it? P' A.0 ~ w 5O006. INo. 55-6
6030 1 f YOu Swcred 'f&m. thOe. whet sPeed would you ostlisate?_ 41. Do youU -k you ca astihIata how far awvay fr<.. V"u thOe c-bject was? If You a xwered Y", the- how far away would you say It was?1a±C.Text 42. Did the Object(*) causo any I .terfere..co i the operatio.. of#e (Circle where applicablo) MADXO? TV? LIQIM? OQMtR? It you u..4orli..cd a .yo*1 above# explai.. the i,-torfere.ce bolows 43. t1as a photo takiAt of the Object(s) (circle One) Yes~~ AI, uld you be willi, 9 to submit a copyj? (Circle One.) Y#,3 .40 41 )Af you. circled Yi$# plus" se.d copy i.dicat.. g no.stery rol bur.v-te 44. Do u bolu..9 to a Orqailizatio.. which I.. Asti atom, 1Jid*;%tifed Idli..g Obj ect a? Circle Oita) YZ 4W 1 Ub list then below 45. hay V o :.- AIah your repo rt I f yo u .aj u Isa ke co .fidei..tial? I 1At10 May we publish your report a,4 usa your .:anef 30 (Cirle One) 47. Plea give th* fol 0 ifxrto butyuel jfAD Last RaM; First time ile Liais treat city s tate *-~at Is your preset jobt tt'C 0 it A 'die A04; 31-. $a ______ Rlest 1i..dcate a y educatio..ol training you hey. hods (ttuber of ypard a. Grade, school esTechicel s&chool______ b. il 7 ca)ohol (Type Of) _________ os C010o90 4 . Post graduate ______£ Other OJ4ooiel traiui .g?
6031 Page one U F 0 DATA SHEET This quastlo:.nsi ro has beon prepaored so that you ca.& give as much Itafonatioo. as possible oa.cerni.%q the "inidenatified Fl1yl.%q Object, that you have observed. Please try to answer as amy quostiO.18 as you possibly ca... The. iLifonmAtioa that you give will be used for research purposes. Your nar-e will not b&' used4 lot conneoction with a~sy statements, coi.clusIo.as, or pitblicatio.se without your permission. Tha.)k you very much for your cooporatiout In this cvatter. Investigators Niation~al Invantgatioau Conittee on Aerial Pheno.rena Raym~isd a.. taylorN4- 13 Friend Court10. Wanhax, M assachusettsa -0 1. n hea d~d you see the object? $ 2 - ) 16 - 2,TMOf day$ 3. ~ui a~e'(Crcl On)'9 ,aoGM (Ci rcle one). IE) Dayl Ight c' Mwtainbe st.-dard de, Pacif Ac Time a. Other 4, ^*ero were yo .. t you say the object? Nearest Potal hsdross ciy F otrt 03 utr AdditiaOa.l rsemark1~s __________________________ 5. ~tirte oy long you saw the object. - 5. CLrol: fo :Of the fOlloWi.. t iLct how certe"In you sre of a. Certain a. no0t Very sure (~)ailycertal-I 4. just a guess I $. Aht was the co~ditioui of the skyI (Circla O.ne)# a., Bright daylight d. just a trace of dayllgbt * be DLal daylight N~o trace of daylight a. Bright twilight ell Don't rervsebee 7 tyou saw -. h* object duri..g LGlM1r IWILXOGf, Or DAM where was the /SUS loccrtc4 as you loexod at the object? a. In~ front of you a. To your right a, Overboad -A . batk o! you d. To your left £, Don't reember
6032 8. If you saw the object at Kum~rr, W1Z4(Arf, or WN, What did you rootoe co:.ceruil..9 the STARS a.. HOOCt4 8.1 bTA1b (edred° one), a. a one ( 8.2 HOON (circle o.o), t.e.o.jet onlght- dark b. .. NO. 4,.T i MI' . 9a 4as the object brighter thai the b~ackgrouad of the sky? 1042f.t sMM I the sky background, wee the brightness liii. that of, a, automobile hualight appearl;;g to be? (CZRCLe ONS B21f)s -a. A &..iU or var* avay?(a. dista..t car) b. Several blocks away? 0. A block avay? d. Several a awy? Other? -4 +:yh&L4 11. Did the objects (Circle One for each'questloa) a. Appear to sta.ad still at say time? Y.S I W I T KOll b, buddo.sly speed up a. rush away at any ttme? Y" OWI 'T XHOW c. Break up i.,to parts or edxlode? Y"S )OMIT KWW d. Give off emoke? Y 'OMIT KNO "e. Cha.bge brightness? WH I DO'T KIOW' f. Cha.e shape? . ' o'WT XO ' . lickers throb, or pulsate? so DONT X104 12. Old the object move behind something at a.,y time, particularly a cloud? (Circle One): Y45 0 DWI' KNOW it you a.twered Zj, the% tell what It moved behicid .......... .. 13. Did the object move Iln frot of sometU.ng at say time, particularly a cloud? Y" & DWCI' XWM (Circle One) If you a.,svered XM the,, tell what it moved iet front of. . . .. 14: Old the object appear (Clrole 0"e) 1 TUPR ?OI O 15. Did you observe the object through aniy of the followvial a. .yeglassas (& NO d. wi-odoV glass WS NO g. '.er__ be Sun glasses Y.S NO e. 81.1culars r"S NO .- _.... ... c. Wi.,dshield "1.,;4 1.0 f. Teleccope Y"8 No _0___ ,_.... - - m , , • m , , ,, ,,
6033
Page 3
16. Tell in a few words the following things about the object.
a. SOUND None
b. COLOR Red
17. Draw a picture that will show the shape of the object or objects. Label
and include in your sketch any details of the object that you saw such as
wings, protrusions, etc., and especially exhaust trails or vapour trails.
Place a. arrow beside the drawing to show the direction the object was
moving.
-WEST- -EAST-
two or three
Red Lights Flashing ←
in sequence Tree line
[SKETCH: circular object with internal shapes and lights depicted]
18. The edges of the object were:
(Circle One) a. Fuzzy or Blurred (b.) Other lights were so
b. Like a bright star bright they created a
c. Sharply outlined Halo effect.
19. If there was MORE THAN ONE object...then how many were there?
Draw a picture of how they were arranged, and put an arrow to show
the direction that they were travelling.
two or three red flashing
Lights moving on Horizon East to West
At about 60° angles
to each other [SKETCH: two circular objects depicted]
(R)6034 Paqo 4 20. Draw a picture that Will chow the motto:. that the object or objects anda. 0laco a, "A* at tho beg1in..;g of the pathr a 48" at thb o.,d of the path a:d, show a : cha.gel a dircotto., durl,,g the course. NO M- 4 21. If POS$ZSL4, try to queens or estimate ?hat the real size of the object was In its longest dimo:.sio.,. feet. 22. HoGw large did the object or objects appear as conpered with Qas; of the follovig objects Oheld" l, tho ha d at about aem' s le.gtb (Circle Ones) a. Head of a p1., g. Silver dollar b. P'ea h. Baseball , D ir" 1: Orapefruit d. kSickel do Nick e" . Basketball 1 Quarter 4eOther_ P Holf-dollar 22.1 CIRCL4 ONSL of the following to I.dlcate how certala ycu are of your a..swor to Uuwstio., 22. a. Certain tot very sure b. Fairly certain d. neertal, 23. How did the object or objects dieaApoar fror. view? -- n o .e. - 4 "L e.- L 'AYOJ 24. In order that you ca. give as clear a picture as possible of what you saw, we would liko for you to imagia. that you could co.,struct the object that you saw, 0f what type MAURIAL would you vamke It? How. a LARG.;. would it be, a .d what &WP., would it have? Describe Is& your ovr, words a conm.i object or objects which whe, placed up It, the sky would give the sae appeara.tce as the object which you saw.
I I I 6035 4h'ro were you located when you saw the object? (Circle One)& &. Inside a building b, In a car Outdoors In a. airpla se o, At sea f. Other ..... ... ___ __ Page 5 26. Were you (Circle One)s a. b. 0. g, Ira the buslikeos section. of city? Zn the reside,,tial sectlo.a of a city? In opea oou-tryaldo? Flyi:ng near a i airfield? Plyisvg over a city? Flylig over opon country? Other 21. what were you doilg at the time happen to noticee It? you saw the object, a.ad how did you &&qZ .> 4 * p-Lv 28 ,if you were HOVING IN AH AUTO.OBILd or other vehicle at the time, then 1A)<jimpleto the follow. ig qiestio.ss 28.1 dht diractio.a wore you vovi,-ig7 (Circle One)a a. North a. ftst e. South . g. gest b. Northeast d. Southeast fe. Southwest h. Northwest 28.2 How fast were you wvong? . .. 'les per hour 28.3 DId you stop &t a.,y tire whilo observing objeotI (Circle One)s YS NO 29. dhat diroctio:, were you looking whea you FIRST SAW the objecl?(Cirole One), a. North o. &est se. South go West ()ortheast d. Southeast f, Southwest ho Northwest hat diretio.. were () North b. Northeast you looki.g whe.., you LAST SAW the object?(Circle c. east e South g, West d. Southeast f. Southwest h. Northwest 31. If you are fa.liar with boarlg terms(avgular directlo:,), try to Vesti;ate the number of degrees the object was from true Horth a.A also the the iunbor of degrees it was upward from the hrizoai(elestio.) yl31.1 hen it first aoeareda a. Prot. b. From 31.2 Whe, it a. From b, Prom true North degrees horizo,. ."_degrees di sappeareds true North ._.__ degree horizo, a__..__degrees ,I m 25. One)j
32. 33. 6030 Page 6 Ia the followl.g sketch, imagine that you are at the yoit shown. 1laco a. "A" o.. the curved lioe to show how high the object vhs above theo h~ri~o,, (okyli .o) whe., you Mb% ' saw it. Place a "B" on the N.. curved li.o to show how highthe object was above the horizo,. (sksyUfe) whe.. you LAbT saw It. It, the fOllowi.-g larger sketch place a.. "A" at the position the object was Whe. you FIRST saw It, a..d a @18 at its positio. whei YoU LAST saw Its (Refer to Waller sketch as a., exaple of show" to eo4dete the larger sketch.) 33, 1 were there a .y KNOMI aircraft the sky durt.g your sighting? (Circle O 1e) 1 YZS I, If yu ,,sweored Y4S, was it llowi.-g or attopti..g to i..tercept tho Uide..tified ?lyi,.g Objectt (Circle Oi e)t Y.b NO If Wu a..uwered Y-., please circle TYP& of aircraft X' L LITARY e CO,g.ie di theAL" OWrc VAT ve0?L.;R How ra.,y eigl.ma did the airc:raft have?
I !I I 6037 Pag 7 34, What were tho weather .dittio.., at the time you saw tho object 34.1 .ouDS(CircO o..) 34.2 .1.40,(CIroe Ono) Cloar sky- do W. A, Hazy Slight breeze c.Scattored clouds c. str g vi,.d d. Thick or heavy clouds d. osol't ramamber e. Do..'t remember 34.3 ofZMTH4(Circle One) 34.4 TVHPaRATVRA:(Cr¢le One) (Dry a. Cold FOg, rJt, or light rain (C% Cool a. Moderate or heavy rainI. d4arm d. Snow d. Hot e. ou't remember e. Donot remember 35. Who.. did you report to some official that you had seea the object? ", OffLeal or Organizatio.. Name(s) Day Moth Year 36. Have you read literature pertal ,1, g to Unido..tIfied FlyLI (Circlo One) a No If WS, how mch (Circle HOOne)LY? eXTd4.-'? 2 37. aa ay.,e else with you at the time you saw the object? (Circle One) Q) DO 37.1 IF you &aswerod Y.z, did they see the object too? (Circle One) a H10 37.2 Please list their ,,ames a d addreisses If you circled Y&;c (Attach separate sheet for above) 38. das this the first time that you had s. at, object(s like this? (Circle Oie)Q iO 38.1 If you a swerved 140, the. wh.a where, a d uider what circuvsta ces did you see the other o.,e(e)? , _,_, 39. I., your opIdo.:, what do YOU thi..k the object(s) was a .4 what might have cau sd It? c 1) 0 I '-W 0-) I I.
I I " I I I a MMi 6038 40. U0 lyou Ah 3 you ca esim~te the seed of the object? Page 8 ('circleOne) Yes N I f you a awvered US~, the.. V~at *peed would you estimate? .... JHu 41. Do yo u thi.c you ca . es~~obwfraway fror. yo the wbec ast (Circle 1%,G) .10 if 4 U a uworod YaS. thae' far away Would you Day It waJG~ g --- q S'u k* doi -- -Z C3IA i4s aei L;' -dL 1) 42. Did the Object(s) cause any I .terforo,,ce with the operation of tr'-Ciroio wharo applicablej) RADIO? TV? LIQITS? OTMkR7 -- MMP t~ IF you u..4orll.od a .y of abova, explal.; the itrfere.co below: 43. gas a photo takce. of the object(s)? (Circle One) Ye~s Q:OD~ ,ji XAgould you be willl.g9 to surit a copy? (Circle One) Y&.$ so '~'efyou circled Y45~, please se.d copy i:.dicati..g mzzietary rol tburseme..ta 440 Do you bolo.g to a y Orgaaiizatlo..; which L .V&tigates Unid..ttfied Flyi. Objects? (Circle One) Yes (J9If W50 list then below: 45. May we oublielh your reirt It you jw-e Is )cetco 11ide .tial? NO (east llama first Hare kU Ua Street City stat TLLEfl;H,, NUKXeR V1JA - aD L f What I s your preso,t job? . P OF E; (Lt ACI&-- -C 6, stx- - Mgle- Please 1,.dicate a .y educatio.ial trainis~g you have had. (Nurber of yeard a. Orade school a'e Tech..ical school______ b. Higjh school ly (Tp of) _________ * c, Cullege * d. Post graduate _____fe Other special trairig..? 48,_____________________________S_______