DISCLOSURE / FILE
Internal U.S. Air Force records documenting the 1966 O'Brien Committee (the Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book) and the Air Force's steps to act on its recommendation to contract an outside scientific team to investigate selected UFO sightings.
DOW-UAP-D092, Department of the Air Force Committee to Review Project Bluebook, 1966-1967
Internal U.S. Air Force records documenting the 1966 O'Brien Committee (the Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book) and the Air Force's steps to act on its recommendation to contract an outside scientific team to investigate selected UFO sightings.
The file collects meeting statistics, memos, and transmittal letters from the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book, chaired by Dr. Brian O'Brien, which met at Foreign Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB on 3 February 1966 and included Carl Sagan among its members. The Committee recommended a more thorough scientific investigation of questionable sightings, and on a memorandum to the Chief of Staff, Secretary of the Air Force Harold Brown wrote that the recommendations should be accepted and arrangements made to contract for a scientific team. An implementation meeting on 19 April 1966 in Pentagon Room 5D-1014 debated whether to contract a university or individuals, proposed Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Dr. Donald Menzel as a consultant-advisor nucleus, and tasked Dr. H. Guyford Stever with informally polling university presidents. The records also log a 17 April 1967 Pentagon meeting with Dr. James McDonald of the University of Arizona and the July 1967 forwarding of the Special Report to a defense attache office.
To review the resources, methods and findings of Air Force Project Blue Book and to advise the Air Force as to any improvements that should be made in the program to carry out the Air Force 's responsibility.p.7
I believe that the Committee's recommendations should be accepted and arrangements made to contract for a scientific team to investigate in depth certa.in selected reported sightings of UFO's.p.18
The objective of this investigation was to determine if and how the Air Force could improve its program for investigating UFO's.p.19
In order to utilize their talents to the best advantage, it'was proposed and accepted that Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Dr. Donald Menzel form the nucleus of a Consultant-Advisor team to work with Hq Fl'D in determining which sightings the university team should investigate.p.10
The objective is to have impartial scientists from schools vith good reputations that have never been involved with UFOs.p.10
Attendees - meeting with Dr. James McDonald, Uni.versity of Arizona at the Pentagon 17 April 1967p.2
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DEPARTMENT OF THE AlR FORCE AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (OAR) ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22209 Attendees - meeting with Dr. James McDonald, Uni.versity of Arizona at the Pentagon 17 April 1967 Lt. Col. Harold A. Steiner, Ass't. Exec. Secre. USAF Scientific Advisory Board, Pentagon, Room SD982 Washingtt>n, D.c. Tele. 697-4648 (Code 11-74648). Col. George Freeman, Chief, Civil Branch, SAFOI-C, Room 4Al20, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Tele. 697-1128 (Code 11-71128). Col. Marvin Stanley, Chief, Public Information Division, SAFOIP, Room 4C922, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Tele. 695-5554 (Code 11-55554). H. Philip Hovnanian, Program Engineer, NASA Hq. Room F50016, 400 Maryland Ave., S.W. Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4961 (Code 13-24961). George H. Duncan, Advanced Programs & Technology Manager, NASA Hq. Room 50016, 400 Maryland Ave., s.w. Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4961 (Code 13-24961). Dt. Dale W. Jenkins, Ass't Director (Science), NASA Hq. Office of Space Science & Applications Room F50078, Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4621 (Code 13-24621). Hans Dolezalek, Atmospheric Scientist, ONR Branch Office, 495 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Tele. 696-3563 (Code 11-63563). Mr. James Hughes, Head, Atmospheric Science Program, Office of Naval Research, Code 412, Washington, D.C. 20360. Tele. 696-6739 (Code 11-66739). Phillip V. Mitchell, Technical Staff Member, Institute for Defense Analyses, 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, Va. 22202. Tele. 558-1641. Joseph Coates, Senior Staff Member, Institute for Defense Analyses, 400 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, Va. 22402. Tele. 558-1653. Lynn E. Catoe, Library o~ Congress, Science & Technology Div., UFO Bibliography Project, Washington, D.c. Tele. 967-8088. Dan Taylor, Staff Information Officer, AFOSR (SRGC) ~rlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-4875. (Code 11-44875). Maj. Joseph P. Martino, Ass't. Exec. Dir® Research Communication, AFOSR (SRGC) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-4875 (Code 11-44875). Dr. J. Thomas Ratchford, Project Scientist, AFOSR (SRPS) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-5588 (Code 11-45588). Maj. William Metscher, Physicist, Hq. OAR (RROSP) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-5505 (Code 11-45505). DAN TAYLOR Staff Information Officer NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 2
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DEPARTMENT OF THE AlR FORCE AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (OAR) ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22209 Attendees - meeting with Dr. James McDonald, Uni.versity of Arizona at the Pentagon 17 April 1967 Lt. Col. Harold A. Steiner, Ass't. Exec. Secre. USAF Scientific Advisory Board, Pentagon, Room SD982 Washingtt>n, D.c. Tele. 697-4648 (Code 11-74648). Col. George Freeman, Chief, Civil Branch, SAFOI-C, Room 4Al20, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Tele. 697-1128 (Code 11-71128). Col. Marvin Stanley, Chief, Public Information Division, SAFOIP, Room 4C922, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Tele. 695-5554 (Code 11-55554). H. Philip Hovnanian, Program Engineer, NASA Hq. Room F50016, 400 Maryland Ave., S.W. Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4961 (Code 13-24961). George H. Duncan, Advanced Programs & Technology Manager, NASA Hq. Room 50016, 400 Maryland Ave., s.w. Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4961 (Code 13-24961). Dt. Dale W. Jenkins, Ass't Director (Science), NASA Hq. Office of Space Science & Applications Room F50078, Washington, D.C. Tele. 962-4621 (Code 13-24621). Hans Dolezalek, Atmospheric Scientist, ONR Branch Office, 495 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Tele. 696-3563 (Code 11-63563). Mr. James Hughes, Head, Atmospheric Science Program, Office of Naval Research, Code 412, Washington, D.C. 20360. Tele. 696-6739 (Code 11-66739). Phillip V. Mitchell, Technical Staff Member, Institute for Defense Analyses, 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, Va. 22202. Tele. 558-1641. Joseph Coates, Senior Staff Member, Institute for Defense Analyses, 400 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, Va. 22402. Tele. 558-1653. Lynn E. Catoe, Library o~ Congress, Science & Technology Div., UFO Bibliography Project, Washington, D.c. Tele. 967-8088. Dan Taylor, Staff Information Officer, AFOSR (SRGC) ~rlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-4875. (Code 11-44875). Maj. Joseph P. Martino, Ass't. Exec. Dir® Research Communication, AFOSR (SRGC) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-4875 (Code 11-44875). Dr. J. Thomas Ratchford, Project Scientist, AFOSR (SRPS) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-5588 (Code 11-45588). Maj. William Metscher, Physicist, Hq. OAR (RROSP) Arlington, Va. 22209. Tele. 694-5505 (Code 11-45505). DAN TAYLOR Staff Information Officer NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 2
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| epresentatives of the Air Staffon 19 April towtvise them Ninian aioe | cen as amas aie Oe OT VO OT Te OV a ey «ih Row tO Implement the plem. If youemmmot gersomelly 0 ts WT IT a, LE I SOL OILED IT Paes Fa eee eae oy | NW 30306 | Docld:34714841 Page 4
,,'. - .. ·---· • USAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY roARD AD HOC COMMI'l'rEE TO REVlEW PROJECT BIDE BOOK Roam 5D-1014, the Pentagon 1400, 19 April 1966 ( MEETING STATISTICS I. 1400 Purpose of Meeting Lt Colonel Steiner, SAB 1410 Discussion .Al.l attendees 1630 Adjourn II. .... ..........ose and Place: To discuss how best to implement the recommenda tions made by the SAB Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book~ The discussion was held in Room 5D-1014, the Pentagon. III. Those Present and ose Thereof: Name Affiliation Dr. Brian O'Brien Chairman Consultant Dr. Jesse Orla.nsky Member IDA Col Robert Burger SAB Secretary AFBSA ol Robert Hippler Participant AFRSTA Mrs. Sara Hunt Participant SAFOI L/Col Harold A. Steiner SAB Secretary Hq USAF (AFRSA) Reviewed - Report of the SAB Ad Hoc Conmiittee to Review Project Blue Book, March 1966. I V. Verbatim Record: (see attached) VI. Certification: These meeting statistics are certified as being true and correct. IV. • • reviewed HAROLD A. STEINER, Lt Colonel, USAF 1 Atch Assistant Secretary Record, dated 20 Apr 66 USAF Scientific Advisory Board NW 90306. Docld:34714a41 Page 5
II' i't~i::t-<2;:f:,:L,#•t.•.) .hi':.~;'? i~:.ll·z..i HEADQUARTERS UNITE. , ATES AIR FORCE USAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE & CHIEF OF STAFF MEMO FOR: Record The following distribution waa made on Memo tor Record, 20 Apr 66, regarding UFO Meeting 1400, 19 April 66, Roca 5D-1014; es made eJ Original--#1-o::f-t:,--~~ #2. ot 6 - ll&iled to Dr. Stever:; #3 ot 6 - sent to Lt Col Hippler, AFRSTA :/14- of 6 - sent to Mrs. Sara Hunt, SA.POI #5 ot 6 - circulated vithin • c~ , ~--~ m.Jm NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 6
USAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY EOARD AD HOC C{Ht{I'ITEE TO REVJEW PROJECT BWE BOOK HQ FTD, WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OHIO 3 FEBRUARY 1966 MEETING STATISTICS I. ~: (see attached) II. se and Place: To review the resources, methods and findings of Air Force Project Blue Book and to advise the Air Force as to any improvements that should be made in the program to carry out the Air Force 's responsibility. Briefings held in Commanders Conference room at Hq, FI'D. Discussions and review of case files held in Project Blue Book office. III. Those Present and se Thereof: Name ~ Affiliation Dr. Brian O'Brien Dr. IB.unor F. Carter Dr. Jesse Orlanaky Dr. Richard Porter Dr. Carl Sagan Dr. Willis H. Ware Col John P. Spaul.ding Dr. Anthony Cacioppo Col Warren Wheeler Maj Hector Quintanella. Mr. Francis Arcier Col Florian Holm L/Col Harold A. Steiner Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Briefer Participant Participant Briefer Participant Briefer SAB Sec Consultant System Development Corp. IDA GE Company Smithsonian Astrophysical. Observatory Rand Corporation S.AFOI Fl'D FTD FTD Consultant to FTD F'I'D Hq USAF ( AFBSA) IT. Re orts Contributions Pro osala etc. issued received reviewed, a!)Rroved,2 ;12re12 ed or disseminated durins the EroceedinS: Reviewed: Robertson Report, dated 17 January 1953 Selected case histories from Project mue Book Distributed: Compilation of Project Blue Book Methods and Case Histories, dated 3 February l V. Verbatim. Record: None VI. Certification: These meeting statistics are certified as being true and correct. RABOLD A. S , Lt Col, USAF Assistant Secretary NW 90306 ... _1ent1f'1o Advisory Board Doclrl:3471484iTage 7NER, .. ... ., ' AD HOC COMMITTEE ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS AGENDA • ,.;J1ursday, 3 FeJ?ruary 1966 0800 Welcoming Remarks 0805 Introduction 0810 The Air Force Problem 0830 Briefing on Project Blue Book 1000 Break 1015 Review of Selected Case Histories 1145 Lunch 1315 Executive and Writing Session Lt Colonel, USAF Assistant Executive Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board 8 NW90306, Dodd :3471.uJ41 ~'age 8 (UFOs) Commander or Vice Commander, FTD Dr. O'Brien, SAB Lt Col Spaulding, SAFOI Major Quintanilla, FI'D FTD Staff 22 December 1965
Obairman --- .. _ _...,,, ~r Otfioinl th:;e Only MEK> FOR RECORD 20 April 1966 SUBJECT: Implementing SAB Ad Hoc Coan:lttee on Project Blue • Book Recommendations 1. The following personnel met at 1400 on 19 April in Room 5D-l0l4 to discuss how best to 1.mplement the recommendations made by the SAB Ad Hoc Committee to review ProJect Blue Book. Dr. Brian O'Brien Colcael Robert Burger, AFBSA. •· Dr. Jesse Orlansky Lt Col Harold Steiner, AFB&\ Lt Col Robert Hippler, AFR'l'SA M:ra. Bara Hunt, SAroI 2. On 5 April , Secretary ot the Air Force Harold Brown, 1n a .. memorandum. to the Chief of Staff, stated that the Committee's .. recamnendationa should be accepted and arrangements me.de tor a (sic) scientific team to investigate 1n depth· certain selected sightings of UFOs. General Ferguson was given responsibility for implementing the Committee's recommendations and Lt Colonel Hippler is project otticer. 3. Although the Committee's recommendation was clear and succinct, initially there was no unanimous agreement on how to put this recommendation into effect. A basic question is: (1) Should the contract be vith a university or should it be with individual• connected with a 1.Dliveraity1 A great deal of . the meeting was taken up discussing these facets of the problem end a clear anner did not evolve. Therefore, it is probable that I, and perhaps some selected members of the Canm1.ttee 1 uy be asked to meet with Colonel Hippler again. 4. Gener~, the concept of using uni'VersitteE(or individuals tran universities) is good. Specifically, however, :there needs to be a lead university to coordinate and collate the investigations. After some discussion, it was B\J88e&ted that the University of Da.yton is probably .most appropriate because it is located close to Hq FTD who will retain management ot Project Blue Book. 'Other universities were suggested that could provide personnel to give areal coverage ot com.JS. They are liated below. East West South Rensselaer, Tro7, lf.Y. Utah Vanderbilt .. Columbia Colorado Duke - - NYU Iowa Univ of Florida Univ ot Conn. Wisconsin Georgia Tech Yale Illinois U:liv of Georgia Cornell Chicago ll\1v of Dayton univ of Calif (Berkeley) Carnegie Tech UCLA Oregon .,..votary WashiDgton ~bnioalDir Rice ~sst. Seoreta lbiv ot Texas ~st. S@oreta ~st. se'creta Colr.Y'11r ot Copies -Asst. $earet , . .......-~ NW 90306" »-•r ~tioial Use Only Ac:ttsrili/A's st. -----L....._,-·-·_,___ Doclrl:3471.ffl41 Page 9
.For Official U::a:i Onlv Colonel Hippler pointed out that it will probably be September before he gets the money to implement this plan. Dr. Orlsnsky pointed out that because of the summer holiday, Colonel Hippler should make contact with the Wliversities before the end of May. t· 5. Since we are dealing with an emotional phenomenon, there was some ,t discussion about whether universities (i.e., their presidents) would be willing to get involved with UFOs. Dr. O'Brien suggested that Dr. Stever; as President of Carnegie Tech, might send letters to a fev selected university presidents with whom. he is acquainted to get some idea of their feelings on this matter. (ACTION: AFBSA). In this way we can leam what a typical reaction might be and also some of the pitfalls to avoid when contacting other universities. 6. 1here are still several unanswered questions or problem areas: (a) Since the problem is 99fo public relations,it is essential that the investigating teams have aom.e modicm ot skill 1n press relations. It was stl"OJlgl)" suggested that a good solid PIO type (perhaps incognito) be included on, the first few investigation. te811l8. 'Dlis caused quit~ a, bit ot discussion and a final answer did not evolve. • (b) The objective is to have impartial scientists from schools vith good reputations that have never been involved with UFOs. (c) Considerable thought must be given to how the contract or contracts are to be written. (d) In order to utilize their talents to the best advantage, it'was proposed and accepted that Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Dr. Donald Menzel form the nucleus of a Consultant-Advisor team to work with Hq Fl'D in determining which sightings the university team should investigate. (e} When teams are selected, it is strongly recommended that they be brought together at sane certain location such as Hq F'1'D and given a thorough briefing on what is expected of them. This briefing should cover allot the intangibles and pitfalls that must be avoided in order to give good Air Force public relations. (f) Another que,ation that was not :tully resolved is how AFSC shou1d get into the act. ihe Committee'• original thought was that someone from the nearest AFSC base should work with the investigating team. The Committee also recODDended that a member ot the OSI might work with the university teaaa and giTe them the benetit ot their investigating experience. It waa queationed whether thie would help or hurt. the Air l'orce ettort. leither ot these questions were tul.17 reaolve4. 2 Jtor Otticial Use Onl,. NW 90306" Docld:347148-41 Page 10
(g} It was pointed out that the National Research Council had conducted an exercise in Disaster Research which had involved sane investigating teams similar to the ones we are discussing. Although the committee is now defunct, Mrs. MarJorie Wilson, Government Code 1224 - 23 239 has their reports and will be glad to let us review them. ' ... ·•· ·• I '\, ~- Asaietant Secretary ' - 1 ' ,,,., I V .. USAr Scienti.tic Advisory Board .. ., ' \ ' • Lt Col, UBAJ' ,, 3 l'tr Otticial Use Onlv NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 11
,,-;w~·~;;tlSIM.~•~,,,·,"'i-;;;•n•;_..r,, MEMO IOUl'INS SUP ;'XJNJUilll.:INt'ES Oil ! i __.:..1':....,_... _,:_1_:~---~·~-...., ..__ ._J.r,,._-; _____ _....•,...., __.,__1 _____""t,,,,v1)1.1'-...~. 1 TO I ,am&u ~iK~!J\U •~-----------•-..- ....,,_~~••--------•••••I :i...-.,•-•---!i.-1•""'-•;i-,_,,®,~•-c,••<I,,__,,,-.,,___,;_,. c I t s·--~1 • ,~-. nt.a t t •' ,• /, REIIARD FROM AFRDQ-P (Mr. Baillie) FORM 1 OCT SO a-... DD FOftD i4. 1 Feb IIO ud DD Fcna 86, * GPO: tSl60--0--6IIZM l Piib 60 wbioh will be lad UDtilabauaed. NW 90306, Docld:34714841 Page 12
- COPY AFRDQ-P 31 July 1967 Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Boa.rd Ad Hoo Committee to Review Project "Blue Book,, USAIRA (DATT - Mr. David Smith & Mr. Peer DeSilva) American Embassy APO San Franoisco 96346 Copies of the subject report are forwarded at the request of Mr. Jesse Orlanaky, a member of the Scientific Advisory Board Committee on UFO's. FOR THE CHIEF OF STAFF onel, ief, Requirements Plans Group Operational Requirements & Development Plans, USAF l Atch Special Report of the USAF SABAd Hoc COIL~ DCS &D mittee to Review Project "Blue Book" dtd Mar 66, 2 cys COPY . , ... NW90306 Docld:34714841 Page 13
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MBl«>RANDUMFORRICORD 18 May 1966 SUBJECT: Conversation with Dr. Stever Concerning SAB Support to USAF Investigations ot UFOs l. On 17 May I discussed BAB support to USAF investigation• of UFOs with Dr. Stever. In a previous l,et't~er ldated 21 April we bad aaked. Dr. Stever to informally query s0111e of hie univeraity-preaident colleagues to determ:l.ne the beet m.odua operandi tor approaching universities and aaking thell to provide people and reaourcea to investigate acientiticalq selected UFO aiptings aa recaamencied by the ~ Ad Hoc Conlllittee. 1bia Jl8IIO docUMD.ta hi• tindinga and conclusions on this matter. a. On the baaia ot his infomal. contacta.:with univeraity preaidenta, Dr. Stever believe• the Air Force will get mixed reaction• to ita ret.Mat to univera1tiea4!1 on the~ aide ot the picture, he baa gleaned theae general reactions: a. It my be againat acae school's policy to make contractual arrangements 'With the government. b. Solle aivera1t1•• will bave no interest or have any qualified inveatigatora. 3. en the 2,2■ 1t,1ve side, the toll.owing reactions were received: a. Some univeraitiea will do the Job lmder con.tract. b. Solle would like to do the Job troll a reaearch aspect. (lfOTB: Dr. Stever c01111M1Dted that thia 'M:3 be the ••toot in the door" approach to requeat a4d1ticmal research fund• tor vork at the lmiveraity that my be conatrue4 to be related to the U10 inveatigation.) , 4. Dr. SteTer belieYe■ that, aa a vbole, the mller universities vill be :more receptive tban the l&rger onea. 5. Dr. Stever baa had a011e secoa.4 thoushta 011 the SAB (specifically, him) aend1ng the initial letter• to the •elected universities. He believes that the lett'i'r'"'iliould cme frail and be aigned b7 an action office within the Air Force. nie letter aight reter to the recaaendations ot the SAB scientific r.aajttee aa a baa1a tor the Air Force action• to initiate a more scientific al)prO&eh ill tuture ■elected UFO in.Veatigaticna. In other vorda, instead ot a letter f'roll a college president to a college president, Dr. Stever felt the .Air Force could aak.e a very acceptable case if it framed ita letter around these two pointa, a. 'Jhe value ot participating in auch 1Dveat1gations to the school, and b. !he va1ue to the Air Force and the nation. NW 90306" Docld:341'1.ffl41 Page 15
6. D.r. Stever stated that he would be happy to rniw and critique the draft letter from a miveraity preaiden.t'• viewpoint. 7. Dr. Stever also suggested that OSR could probably advise vhich universities are most ljkely to cooperate and since aoat tmivera1tiea have bad dealings w1 th OSR, J)erhap• that organisation could otter 801le advi•• on the initial letter and Jl&1be ffen send the letter f:rolll that otti • BOBBR'l Copies to: Lt Col Hippler, .lFR8'1' Secretary Mra. Bunt, SA.rOI USAf Sc1ent1t1c Adviaory Board Dr. Brian O'Brien 2 NW 90306, Docld:347'14841 Page 16
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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FOR-.:...:. WASHINGTON MEMORANDUM FOR THE CHIEF OF STAFF Attached is a copy of the Special Report of the SAB Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project "Blue Book." I believe that the Committee's recommendations should be accepted and arrangements made to contract for a scientific team to investigate in depth certa.in selected reported sightings of UFO's. If·you concur> General LeBailly can work with General Ferguson and AFSC in making the arrangements. Harold Brown Attachment f l ,,... _ ...............,.., .."'"'"_,_,.....,, .... ...., ...... , " ,
DEPAR~· 1 ';MT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR STAFF ' •MARY SHEET ACTION s tGNA T UFUi (Surname and Grade) TO ACTION SIGNATURE (Surname and Grede) AFRDC 2 7 3 1-----------------t 8 4 9 5 1--------------110 SURNAME OF ACTION OFFICER ANO GRAOlt SYMBOL PHONE TYPIST'S INIT, SUSPENSE DATE Lt Colonel Steiner AFBSA 78845 mjm SUBJECT OATS: SAB Ad Hoc Committee Report 30 March 1966 SUMMA"'Y 1. Attached for your signature 1s a letter transmitting to General LeBailly the Special Report of the SAB Ad Hoc COIEittee to Review Project Blue Book. 2. The Comittee was formed and the report is being submitted in response to General LeBailly's memorandum to you on 28 September 1965 (Atch 2) requesting that the SAB review Air Force Project Blue Book. The objective of this investigation was to determine if and how the Air Force could improve its program for investigating UFO's. The Carmittee concluded that the program can be improved by conducting a more thorough scientific investigation of questionabJ.e sightings, and recommended a method for doing this. 3. Recommended distribution 1s: SAFOI AFRDC Coanittee Members Commander, FTD AFSC DCS/Foreign Technology SAB Secretariat Chairman, SAB Number of 25 l leach 5 2 2 1 4. After your signature and approval of the recommended distribution, we will opriate action to forward the copies ot the report. ROBERT J. BURGER, Colonel, USAF Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board 2 Atch 1. Ltr of Transmittal 2. SAFOI Memo, 28 Sep 65 0 AFHQ JA RR~ 2 50 PREVIOUS EDIT! ONS OF THI s FORM ARE OBSOLETE. ~w 9030fi Docld:34714841 Page 19
poe yee Oe ee came pI FOR Ui TE | 9). Be Swemty-Pive copies of the report are being submitted for your = | ee Phease let us know if the SAB can be of further assistance = tt” eee LSE OL a YP FE Mey Li Bg ie De Yl bgp ge. Ma ee | Docld:34714841 Page 20
2 3 s TO Gen F Mil ACTION DEPARl NT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR STAFF ! 'MRY SHEET SIGNATURE (Surname and Grade) TO ACTION SIGNATUAE (Surname and Grade) 6 7 8 9 10 SURNAME OF ACTION OFFICER AND GRADE SYMBOL. PHONE TYPIST•s INIT. SUSPENSE DA TE Col Burger AFBSA 74811 al SUl'lJliCT DATE SAB Information/Action Item 5 October 1965 SUMMAPl Y 1. This request arrived in our office today apparently without your seeing it. 2. I discussed it briefly with Dr. Stever and his initial reaction was lukewarm. He questioned the value of a review of the UFO pro gram by the SAB. He suggested that we might talk to some other SAB members knowledgeable in this area to get their opinion on the value of such an SAB undertaking. We thought of Brian O'Brien (FTD/DAG), Jesse Orlansky (Psychology), Dick Porter (Geophysics), and possibly Court Perkins and Dr. Markey. 3. Before we do this, however, Dr. Stever thought we should get your views on this to see if perhaps there is some additional information or facts which would give a clue on why the request ade. ROBERT . BUR Colonel, USAF Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board ., Atch Memo on UFOs AFHQ ::RR~2 50 PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THI s FORM ARE OBSOLETE. NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 21
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR" FORCE WASHINGTON OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY MEMORANDUM FOR MILITARY DIREGI'OR; SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD SUBJE~: Unid.entified Flying Objects (UFOs) In keeping with its air defense role, the Air Force has the responsibility for the investigation of unid.entif'ied :flying objects reported over the United States. The name of this project i.s Blue Book (Attachment 1). Procedures for conducting this program are established by Air Force Regulation 200-2 (Atta.cl'n:nent 2)~ The Air Force bas conducted Project Blue Book since 1948. As of 30 June 1965, a total of 9267 reports had been investigated by the Air .Force. Of these 9267 reports, 663 cannot be explained. It has been determined by the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff'/ Plans and Operations that Project Blue Book is a worthwhile program which deserves the support of all staff agencies and major command.s and that the Air Force should continue to invest;igate and analyze all UFO reports in order to assure that such objects do not present a threat to our national security. The Assistant Deputy Chie:f of' Stajrf/Plans and. Operations has determined also that the Foreign Technology Division (FrD) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base should continue to exercise its presently assigned responsibilities concern ing UFOs. To date, the Air Force has found no evidence that any of the UFO reports re:flect a threat to our national security. However, many of the reports that cannot be explained have come from intelli gent a.nd technically well qualified individuals whose integrity can not be doubted. In addition, the reports received officially by the Air Force includ.e only a fraction of the spectacular reports which are publicized by many private UFO organizations. Accordingly, it is requested that a working scientific panel composed of both physical and social scientists be organized to review Project Blue Book -- its resources, methods, and findings - and to advise the A:i.r Force as to any improvements that should be made in the program in order to carry out the Air Force's assigned responsibility. 5 NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 22
I Doctor J. Allen Hynek who is the Chairman of the Dearborn Observatory at Northwestern University is the scientific consultant to Project Blue Book. He has indicated a willingness to work with such a panel in order to place this problem in its proper perspec tive. Doctor Hynek has discussed ·this problem with Doc·tor Winston R. Markey, the former Air Force Chief Scientist.. t f,,,." :,'I' /_ /'' / / .....•• .Qt..(..._(_,~-- . ...._,...,., E. B. LeBAILLY Major General, USAF Director of Information 2 Attacbments 1. Blue Book Report 2. AFR 200-2 6 / NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 23
·1· N. S, '1·· I r·1 •• .l 1· ··1~ 1·-? F () R. . l,_ . .. ...J (i( ·i l I.;; 1d rei hnu! (,gy l)iviswn I ---- February 13, 1969 Lt. Colonel Harold A. Steiner, USAF Assistant Executive Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board Department of the Air Force Headquarters United States Air Force Washington, D.C. 20330 Dear Hal, I appreciate your thoughtfulness in sending me a copy of the Condon Report on UFO's. He and his group seem to have done a tremendous job, just about what our committee thought was needed. I guess we were very lucky to have reviewed the situation in such timely fashion in 1966. The fine endorsement of his work by the National Academy of Sciences confirms that Condon has done what was needed. It is a pleasure to see this fruitful outcome to our recom mendation and I appreciate having the report. NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 24
< \ "' SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION I fA~ ---- - 2500 Colorado Avenue· Santa Monica, California 90406 February 28, 1969 Lt. Colonel Harold A. Steiner USAF Scientific Advisory Board Headquarters U.S. Air Force Washington, D. C. 20330 Dear Colonel Steiner: Thank you very much for sending me the Condon Report and the National Academy of Sciences review of the report. I have not yet had time to read the com plete report but have glanced through it, and it 1 certainly seems comprehensive® I1he National Academy review certainly gives it good credibility and ought to take care of any serious critici.sm. Cordially yours, c--··--~.. '-.,, ;''. ·, ... \. c·a:~~~r • N"•····~:·. Vice President and Manager Public Systems Division LFC:db NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 25
20330 l2 February l Dr• B. (Juytord stner President cameg1e-Mellon University Pittaburgh, Pennaylvania 15213 Dear Dr. steYer I a pleaaed to aelld you thia ,eraoul copy ot the Condon R-:port on Un.1dent1t1ed Flying Ob.1ectai!I Ho doubt you will be surprised, aa I was, at the depth ot the 1lUYfflit7 of Colon.do •tu.dT• Little could v• au••• when the O'Brien SAB Caaittee aet in February tbat it would aerre a• a aprincboe.rd tor this volalnou.a ettort. hr•ozua.111', I am aat1atied vith 'me result• ot the atudy and bellwe it p.ita the Air Force 1n an excellent po11t1on to counter cr1t1c1•• Sincerel.7 B'.AROU> A. S'l'IIDR, Lt Colonel, USAF l Atch Aaa1atant Executive Secretary Condon fteport (3 Yola) USAF Scien·tific M:fiaory Board LtCol Ste1ner/dd/l2reb NW 90306" Docld:3471.ffl41 Page 26
20330 6 February 1969 Dr. Brian O'Brien Consultina Phyaicist Box 52 North Woodstock, Connecticut 06257 Dear Dr. O'Brien I• pleaaed to aend you tbia peraonal copy ot the Condon Report on Unidentified 11.Jin& ObJecta. No doubt JOU will be aurpriaed, as I vu, at the depth ot the UD1veraity of Colorado atud7. Little could we awt•• when we 11et u a C011111ttM 1A l'ebruuy 1 tll&t a b7-product would be the•• vollainoua doctaenta. Peraonally, I am aatistied vith the oontent.a and beline the Air Force got ita money•• worth. I em h&PP7 to have aerfed with JOU 1n th.11 exercise and I hope that you feel aa I do that it was vorthwhile. Sincerel7 BAB:>U> A. STBIDR, Lt Colonel, USA1 l Atch Aaaiatant Executive Secret&r'7 Condon Report (3 Vola) USAF Scientific AdY1aory Board SAMI LE'l'TRR ro: Dr. Launor F. Carter Mr. Jesse Orlansky Dr. Richard Porter Dr. Carl Bagan Dr. Willis H. Ware NW 90306, Docld:34714841 Page 27
20330 AFBSA 27 February 1968 Requeat for Project Blue Book Material Mr. Don Berliner National Inveatigations C011mittee on Aeria 1 Phenomena 1536 Connecticut Av11m.1e, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036 Thia ia in reaponae to your visit on 26 February 1968 during which you requeated we provide you with Project Blue Book material. I have been adv:L•ed that we can provide you with copiea of the material you requ•ted at a coat of $5.00. If you are still intereated in obtain copiea, plea•• mak,e your check or ·money order for that amount payable to the "Treuurer of the United Statea" and aeod it to thia off:tce. HAR.OLD A•. gfEINER.• I.t Colonel, USAF Aaaiatan.t Executlve Secretary USAF Scientific Advi•ory Board NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 28
20''30 J l March 196B AFB& ProJec·t Blue Book Mat,erial Mr. Don Berliner Natianal Investigations Committee oo Aer:tal Phenomena, 1536 Com1ecticut Avenue, NW WBshington, D. C. 20036 l. This is in response to your letter of 28 February 1968 requesting an.d payi.ng tor material pre1•red for the USAF 1 Scientif'ic Advis~ry Board by tb.e Project Blue Book office. 2.. Copies of thie mterial are attached. A fee of $5 was based on the unit cost of 25¢, per page plus $3 per hour labor. HAROLD A. STEINER, Lt Colonel, USAF 1 Ateh Assistan·t Executive Secretary Project Blue Book Material USAF Scientific Advisory Boe.rd f '"' ( 7 ... """'" "" ;".,/ NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 29
NATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS COMMITTEE ON AERIAL PHENOMENA MAJOR DONALD E. KEYHOI:. WASHINGTON. D. C. 20036 ADMINIST"ATIVIE Ol"l"ICIIS: USMC (IUET.) DIRll'CTOft UJ:Se CONNltCTICUT AVE., N.W. GORDON I. Pl. LORE. JR. AS91STANT DIIUiCTOR Feb. 28, 1968 Tl:Ll:..HONI:: (202) ee7-9434 Lt. Col. Harold A. Steiner Aasiatar1t Executive Secretary USAF Scientific Advis•ry Board HQ, USAF Washington, D.C. 20;;0 Deer Col. Steiners Encleaed is my peraer1el check for $5.00 to cever the oost of reproducing th~ pegea of Preject Blue B•ok materiel which we discu&a$d •n Feb. 26. Many thanks f•r your Clle>pere ti•n• Den Bsrliner NICAP Staff NW 90306" Dodd:34714S41 Page 30
,. 20330 AFDAS SSgt Ehrlich/74835 Request for Project Bluebook Roporta 20 reb 68 Mr. Don Berliner . National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena 1536 Connecticut Avenue Washington, DC 200)6 l. Reference your request directed to SAF-OICO tor portions of Project Bluebook Reports. 2. We maintain a reference oow or the material 7ou requested and oan furnish you photographic copy at a ooat ot $12. • It 7ou are inter ested in purchasing a copy, please make 7our check or money order to thie office. payable to "Trea..,uz~:r ot the United State•" and NID1 t Chief', Information Branch Directorate ot .ldminietrati'Ye Servioda ...,~ '~·i, ".I'......,....: '""'· .-. ''"••"" • .~.•-.k NW 90306" [)ocld:34714841 Page 31
1 N S'I~I'I~lJ'T'E July 27, 1967 Mr. Chester N. Hasert Acting Executive Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board Room 5Dl014, The Pentagon Washington, D. c. Dear Chet: When I was in Thailand last week, I spoke to several men at the U.S. Embassy who told me about an interesting problem that faces them. Very simply, the Thai government has made numerous reports of mysterious helicopter flights in the North east part of the country near Laos, an area in which Communist terrorists have been increasing their activity. Although the members of the U.S. Embassy take these reports very seriously, they have never been able to authenticate a single valid sight ing. I would not have given this matter any further thought except that someone said the reports of these sightings were very much like the reports of UFOTs meaning, thereby, that one unusual report is likely to inspire additional ones. It seemed to me that the SAB report on UFO's might be useful to these men in the sense that it would provide them with a basis for seeing that a more valid understanding of the problem could require a more thorough examination than has been possible up to now. It is with this suggestion in mind that I hope you will be able to send a copy of the report to two men in the Embassy very much concerned with this matter. They are Peer de Silva and David Smith. Mr. de Silva is Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Mr. Smith is Special Assistant to the Ambassador. I hope that it will be possible for our Embassy in Thailand to take advantage of the work done by the SAB committee chaired by Brian O'Brian. JO:rnh cc: Dr. H. Guyford Stever NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 31
MEMORANDUM FOR RECORD 16 May 1967 SUBJECT: Some Notes Concerning a Progress Report on University of Colorado UFO Study 1. On 5 May 1967, members of the University of Colorado UFO Investigat:i.ng Committee presented a ttposition paper" on the state of their thinking on the UFO Study. This memo is based on verbatim notes taken at that meeting and augments the formal presentation (Atch 1). A report of the Committee's progress up to 31 March is also included (Atch 2). 2. The meeting was held in Dr. Bill Price's office at OSR. The following personnel attended: Dr. Edward V. Condon, Univ of Colorado (uoc), Principal Investigator Mr. Robert J. Low, UOC, Project Coordinator Dr. W. K. Hartman, Univ of Arizona, a member of the UOC Study Committee Dr. William Price, OSR Dr. Tom Ratchford, OSR Dr. Jesse Orlansky, SAB Dr. Willis Ware, SAB Mr. Chester N. Hasert, SAB Lt Col Harold A. Steiner, SAB Lt Col Robert Hippler, AFRSTA Mr. Charles K. Reed, Nat Acad of Sciences Mr. L. V. Brasher, OSR Procurement Mr. Dan Taylor, OSR Public Information 3. The basic problem conf'ronting the UOC Study Connnittee is establishing a methodology for investigating UFOs. In the Committee's opinion, previous investigations have produced few, if any, studies have rimaril been concerned with investi ati According to the UOC Con:nnittee, the se but how to interpret the data obtained from reports that are generated from sightings. Thus, additional sightings as currently handled by Project Blue Book (NOTE: no criticism of Project Blue Book was inferred) will not give the Committee a better picture of what UFOs really are. Something else is needed. 4. Admittedly, if better data were available (i.e., those obtained with spectrometers, magnetometers, etc.) they could undoubtedly give the Com mittee a better insight into the UFO problem, but in the 18 months allotted for the study the probability of the UOC Committee getting s ificant better data is small. The possibility of getting actual, real-time data with spectrometers, magnetometers, etc., is highly unlikely. Ergo, the concept of having specialized, instrumented teams standing ready to move quickly into an area where UFOs were or are being sighted and obtain actual, real-time data does not appear likely to produce much. To tangible results because these is not the sighting per NW90306 Docld:347'14841 Page 33
substantiate this conclusion, the UOC Committee cites the experience of NICAP teams of "eager amateursn armed with cameras, magnetometers, and other specialized instrumentation who have gone instantly to sighting zones and attempted to obtain actual data. Despite their zeal, these teams apparently have never been able to obtain .a.ctu~l z. real-time data. The conclusion, therefore, is that the UOC Committee will have to work with data that are available (i.e., reports from those who have sighted UFOs) and attempt to interpret those data so as to obtain a better under standing of UFOs. 5. Although the UOC Committee will deal primarily with data from reports, this will not preclude some team investigations of current sightings of special interest. Primary and back-up teams each consisting of two members (a physical scientist and a social scientist) are now being equipped with suitable instruments (i.e., Gieger counters, binoculars, cameras, maps, almanacs, etc.). 'lllese teams will be on stand-by alert at Colorado to investigate sightings of special interest. One unresolved question is how to determine which sightings to investigate. These teams will not be decentralized because the transportation from Denver to any part of the United States is adequate. After listening to this briefing, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the actual field investigations will be low priority items and will be played in low key during this investigation. 6. Discussion on the teams' activities led to another question basic to the Air Force approach to the UFO problem and one that the UOC Committee hopes to provide answers to--is a large field organization composed of an investigating officer at each Air Force base worthwhile? If such a system does not produce worthwhile, tangible results then the Air Force does not need it. If such a system does produce results then perhaps the Air Force needs to refine its reporting and investigating procedures, i.e., Project Blue Book and AFR 80-17. The Connnittee has developed an improved reporting form in consultation with psychologists to be used to obtain d.ata from future sightings. Project Blue Book might find this useful. 7. Some interesting aspects of the UOC Committee's approach to the inves tigation are: a . .An attempt will be made to establish reliability of the reports and/or reporters. UOC wants to know how many are reliable, how many are accurate. b. The Committee will assume some hypothesis that UFOs may e.xist. They will then try to d~termine how much evidence s'liorts the probabilitl or i robabilit of this othesis. Thus far the best hypothesis that UFOs exist appears to be the one proposed by Mr. Richard Hall, Deputy Director of NICAP. His is an active hypothesis whereas McDonald's is passive. According to the Committee, Hall definitely believes UFOs exist and are extra-terrestrial solid ob·ects. McDonald also believes they exist and are of extra-terrestrial origin but arrives at his conclusion 2 NW 90306" Docld:34714S41 Page 34
nby remainderu after eliminating all other possibilities of terrestrial and divine origin and leav:irg extra-terrestrial as the only alternative. At this time, the UOC Committee apparently favors the Hall hypothesis. c. Data from sightings are being put on punch cards. The coding system can be expanded up to 50 cards per sighting. All reports of sightings after 1 January 1967 are being computerized. For cases prior to 1967, the Committee asked NICAP to pick out cases they believe should be included in the computer analysis part of the investigation. When questioned as to why NICAP was solicited as a source, the Committee stated that if their report is to have any credibility then NICAP would ha.veto be involved in one form or another. I am 1.nclined to agree with their viewpoint. 8. There will be 21 senior scientists associated with the UOC project. 9. In my opinion, one of the most interesting and potentially beneficial facets of the Committee's investigations is the sub-contracts with various agencies and individuals (i.e., SRI, Ford, RAND, NCAR, etc.) to study such phenomena as illumination, visual perception, fireballs, radiochemistry, ball lightning, etc., as they apply to UFOs. 10. CONCLUSIONS: After listening to the UOC briefing and discussing the matter informally with others, I do not believe the SAB Ad Hoc Committee should pursue this matter further at this time. The UOC Committee seems to have a fairly good grasp of the problem, and I do not see what useful purpose the SAB Committee can serve. Later in the calendar year after the UOC Committee has gained experience and analyzed some data, it might be useful for us to convene at Boulder for a series of formal briefings on the results and scope of the investigation. I can see a useful purpose for such a meeting. Since in a sense the UOC Committee is a brainchild of the SAB, the SAB Ad Hoc Committee could review the UOC Committee's progress and serve as a useful ndevil's advocate" or sounding board to help estab lish credibility. The SAB could also suggest new directions where warranted. This type of SAB action would, of course, have to be done with the sanction of Dr. Stever, OSR, and Dr. Condon. Assistant USAF Scient cutive Secretary ic Advisory Board 1. Comments by UOC Committee Lt Colonel, USAF 2 Atch 2. Progress Report 3 NW 90306" Docld:.34714841 Page 35
MEMORANDUM FOR RECORD 10 August 1966 SUBJECT: Visit by Mr. William P. Wietzel, NICAP 1. Today I was visited by Mr. William Wietzel, an investigator for the National Investigating Cormnittee on Aerial Phenomena. Mr. Wietzel did not have an appointment but just dropped in, presuma.bly to discuss the in April 1966. report of the SAB Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project "Blue ok." This we did; however, the discussion soon deteriorated to an ind nt of the way in which Major Quintella had handled the Ravenna, Ohio, 0 siting With regard to this particular siting, the main criticism of Major Q;uintella seems to be that his interviews with the people who had sited the UFO were restricted to about three mi.nutes each via the telephone. However, in all fairness, it should be pointed out that Major Quintella did visit the scene of the Ravenna siting at a later date. 2. I neither concurred with Mr. Wietzel's opinion of Major Quintella nor d.id I defend Major Quintella strongly. I did point out that, hopefully, the university teams now being formed will provide scientific information that can eliminate the type of personality conflict that apparently exists between NICAP and Major Quintella. 3. There was some additional discussion of the pertinent information con cerning the Ravenna siting of which Mr. Wietzel was a principal NICAP investigator. He has completed a lengthy and voluminous report of this siting that is impressive in size if not in content. I asked Mr. Wietzel if NICA.P investigated every UFO siting as thoroughly as they had apparently investigated this one. The obvious answer was no because NICAP has limited resources. I then pointed out that the Air Force also has limited resources and cannot spend as much time on each UFO siting as it would like. We parted amiably at an impasse. He did not convince me, and I certainly did not convince him. HARO A. STEINER, Lt Colonel, USAF Assistant Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board NW 90306" Docld:.34714841 Page 36
|, yeure-but this dats 1g no gooa for forming s/eotentisic a Ee tee Sr mCetans Sentett i eee ee
lL titi: le! ,rrrt—“—Oerr—t—“‘“‘“‘“‘“‘“‘“‘“((C“(CRRSCW a Ps woot o Sreteees ere Steet ee Se eS ee ee 8 Bee Gs eG ta ee oe @onduet some unannounced controlled experiments to check = ae | out the techniques, It would also be useful Ao correiate ee nes ee eee te Se patted’, SAC refueling, ete., to check out sighting psycho; => _--‘N@By and investigative techniques. (Sovrce: Dr. Sagan) a ——— Mla sees —<“—s—sO™C—~—~—CSC The Committee should recommend that statistical analyses = ee eee a rrrs—i“ r,t —ee—C The Committee should also recommend that in the event our | 1 BIO Fane aias tees Axe Bok Pengey Uy he Aix Worce, "the, present "Blue Book” investigations be more thorough. For = ss example, the B-47 sighting in New Hampshire were assumed = to be the source of the UFO. However, no attempt was made 2 = t0 correlate the time of sighting or place of sighting with — oe the navigation logs of any of the B-47e that were supposed to 88 be im the area. Such a loose approach seriously degrades the = "Project Blue Book” efforts and leaves loop holes that critics = of the Air Forces handling of the UFO problem can use to cast = UCU — = - . . . °° °° °° & #3; }§ = ve Decldiwri4sdi Pages 232sti‘(i‘i‘é‘ésé;#SO*O#é*O#O#OwOwt*té‘“(RCOC*C*#t#COC*#*stwiéi‘(‘(#COOCrtrs—S~s—“—itiOOOOOONRtitists=sts«si‘(CWCWSC*is“‘(RSCOi‘“CU
oe — = =e — -—— a é oe a unidentified objects with their radar. Is this number ferent. If the number is inzge then this gives emphasis 3 oo . che hen a8 1 ‘over again. (Carter) a o ee : S . departments or, better sti11, when appropriate give «short = --_asuaity have a good public image so their value in helping =
ee ce, oe ge a ee a a Be oe oe Be oS oe Gon eee : ae a 6 in reased num ie ae a eritics to oe oe ee a a et sole ue pone ere dead wanne mer, Lo Uo ge aave 2 oe — tod ediede a eed eee Kin orease J Lo ; Hes es ee ted that any ae oy ahuas. DIA to eae bo : sue aati HO prob eo weet bi tne dl 2 ee recommend and cancelatic ae a a. : i a os oe Le ath ther tha ‘outa aes -s 2 : | ow Fs s ee BED Os Geeks al ood oe she count — -_— — oe fo ae wate recommend on ee eee alte) * it ne 0% veer - See . oe es These ae mags Be es ae eare res i. Air So con” sightings: as ae nee es oe Se ot len ai ad | themse A le up of at least ) ae ) ‘ y a Oe et teens ae awe oe. So — Hleation, me teams wou “ant ervi: ee wanted) stat , ete. » - o - | ae . sig deck cones ists | 5 cael i a ae MO iy oe eae oo - Se Ue ee . physi Bree oe De eee 2 Tee as oes = 4 : . ; a oe e oe eee . .. A a Pas ss i a Ee ome eee x fae oe ae : ae Se o Pg ce ae eee oo rr ee oe Les ae Ss —F oo a ee oe ce Ry he Le Sg SY Se A, oe oe io : oS ae. 3 Dee mnepETS
|» The capability of the Air Force representative was also = | @iiseussed and it was generally agreed that it would be | wise to have someone with investigative ability anda modicum of technical experience as the UFO Project Officer = OO a oe a es es Ce a | fhe local representative of the Air Force Office of Special =—»-_—t e the university groups when necessary. ach university would == be assigned a specific geographic area. A lead university = ot Oe Ee eee _ Tt ds estimated that there will probably be wér¢ less than ---- 100-150 sighting per year that will have to be investigated = by the university teams. These will probably be randomly = spread over the whole US so that no one university will be ; aoe ERC RG Bg SME I 1G hai EE APSO eT PN i MG a ee a ' eee, over burdened with UFO investigations, © Delian wees = ,,rrrt—:”—“‘—i:tis:=—‘—‘i:i:is—sSC—sSCSOsSCOSCSCiéiCsi*s:s=i“(isr”:s”sstsiaC Ss
.... DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE WASHINGTON, D.C. REPLY TO 2 ATTN OF: 1 January 1966 suaJEcr: Some SAFOI Thoughts for the SAB Ad Hoc Connnittee on UFOs TO: RECORD 1. On 21 January, I visited SAF0I and discussed the Air Force's concern over the UF0 preblem with Lt Col John P. Spaulding and Mrs. Sarah Hunt (4a 120 - 79079). 2. SAFOI gets many inquiries concerning the UFG problem. Last year they received and answered more than 3300 letters on UFOs including many from the President and the Congress. The problem essentially boils down to ene that is typified by the questien, "When did yau stop beating your wife?" Any answer the Air Force gives tends to incriminate the Air Force as a concealer of information and at the very least detracts from its image. SAFOI has to cope with this public relations problem and wants som~thing done about it. Therefore they have turned to the SAB. 3. The last time that a group of scientists looked into the scientific aspects of the UFO problem was in 1953. Attachment 1 is a copy of that report. 4. Basically the question is this--is there any such thing as a UFO? When the Air Force receives information on a UFO sighting they have several options open to them. First, they can categorically deny that there is anything such as a UFO. Second, they can cast reflections on the sighters mental ability or claim that he is trying to perpetrate a hoax on the country. Third, they can investigate the si ting as well as possible with their limited resources (3 men at FTD) and admit that the AF is looki.ng into the matter. Obviously, options one and two offer no solution. Thus, SAFOI has to rely on option three, and go through the normal si ting in vestigation (Attachment 2) that leads to admissions that there are a certain percentage of UFO sightings that the Air Force cannot identify. This a ke le like Fuller see Saturda Review ar ion and the AF has no rejoiner. Undtrwn'te Your Country's t - B~y U.S. Savings Botzds NW 90306, Doclrl:34714841 Page 41
. .. NW 90306, Docld:347"14841 5. SAFOI wants some pr igious scientific group to look at the UFO problem i.n de th and come up with a position that will help get the Air Force off the hook. SAFOI expects to gain a report that will permit them to stand before the most re own critics and say that the AF position on UFOs is sound or action is being taken to make it sound. 6. The questions that SAFOI wants answered are typically as follows: a. Is Project Blue Book adequate? b. Is there or is there not scientific evidence that UFOs exist? c. What can be done to make the Air Force position credible? 7. SAFOI claims, and rightly so, that they cannot get to the heart of the public relations problem until they get some scientific evidence upon which to base their opinion. For this reason they are very emphatic that they do not want a "for motherhood and against sin" type of connnittee report. AB far as SAFOI is concerned the problem is critical. 8. As evidenced by the Fuller article in the Saturday Review (which is a prestigious news media that is read by highly influential people both in and out of government), the level of criticism of the Air Force is getting on a higher and higher plane. The recent Wall Street Journal article is another ex ample of Air Force criticism appearing in a high-class news media. SAFOI clearly defined the criticality of the problem when they concluded by saying that none of the current Air Force problems, such as sonic boom, supersonic transport, and integration, etc., have created the poor public image for the Air Force that the UFO problem does. HAROLD A. STEINER, Major, USAF Assistant Secretary USAF Scientific Advisory Board 3 Atch 1. UFO Report 2. FTD Form 164 3. Sat Review Article Page 43
| UNCLASSIFIED
REPORT OF MEETINGS OF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL
ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
January 14 - 18, 1953 °° 4 4
. j BOWNGRADED AT 3 YAAR INTERVALS; { *
; { » DECLASSTF TED AFTER 12 YEARS.
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ee i en
NW 90308 | | UNCLASSIFIED.
Docld:34714841 Page 44 as :HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE USAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE a CHIEF OF STAFF DATE MEMO FOR: .A...oa....,._ .. I NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 45
raed Kant nfo pms Wty Yh, eoracdutd fy Tar efed' fo the | |
| ore 1 Maw 6) MEMO FOR: Co| Bovger | Attached is an | Duclassified vevsion ot | veport of we d The ,CIA spomsore Screwnti fic Adusora. Panel Ou VEFOS . Owls the Wames have veen changed | to groted- The guilty | dof | | _ | NW 90306 | Docld:34714841 Page 47
r . INDEX PAGE • P-.:rpose 1 Part I: History of Meetings of Panel 1. Part II: Comments and·· Suggestions of Panel 7. General ? On Lack of Danger . 8 Air Force Reporting System 9 Art:tfacts of Extraterrestrial Origin 10 • Tremonton, Utah, Sighting 11 Potential Related Dangers 15 Geographic Locations of Unexplained Sightings 15 Instrumentation to Obtain Data 16 Radar Problem of Mutual Interference 18 Unexplained Cosmic Ray Phenomena 19 Educational Program 19 Unofficial Investigating Groups 23 Increase in Number of Sightings 24 Report of Panel Tab A List of Personnel Concerned with Meetings Tab B List of Documentary Evidence Presented Tab C NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 48 SSlFIED
r 16 February 1953 ME:-iORA.NDUH FOR: . - FROM •· • SUBJECT : Report of Mectines of tho. ; • ~ Scientific Advisory t'an~l on ~nidentified J:s"Plying Objects, January 14 - 18, 1953 PURPosg The purpose of this momorandu.m is to ,.Present: a. A brief hi.story of the meetings of tho , Advisory Panel On Unidentified Flying Objects (Part I), 'b. An unofficial supplement to the official Panel Report: . aetting forth cor..m.ents and suggestions of the Panel Members which they believed were inappropriate for inclusion in the forme.l report (Part II). PART I: HISTORY OF MEI~INGS GENERAL .. After co11sideration of the subject of "unidentified flying objects" at the 4 December meeting of the the following action was agreed: "The ·will: a. Enlist the services of selected scientists to review and appraise the available evidance in the light of pertinent scientific theories ..•. " FoJ.lo-wi~1g the delegation of this action to the: • ,and ?reliminary investigation, NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 49 .. UNC
SSlflED an Advisory Panel of selected scientists was assembled. In ·cooperation with the Air Technical Intelligence Center, case histori€s of reported sightings and related material were .. made available .for their study and consideration .. Present at the initial meeting_(09;0 Wednesday, 14 January) .. were: Dr. H.P. Robertson, Dr. } Dr. Thornton Page, Dr. Samuel A. Goudsmit, • '-· . , and the writer. Panel Member, Dr. Lloyd V. Berk ner, was absent until.Friday afternoon. Messrs. ;were present throughout the sessions to familiarize themselves with the subject, repr~sent the substantive interest-of their Divisions, and assist in administrative support of the meetings. (A list of personnel concerned with the meetings is given in Tab A. WEDNESDAY MORNING The ~· • opened the meeting, reviewing CIA interest in the • subject and action taken. This review included the mentiOll of the~ ·; Study Group of August 1952 : culminating in the briefing of the...... the ATIC November 21 briefing, 4 December , consideration, visit to ATIC ~ Robertson and I anc1· • concern over potential dangers to national security indirectly related to these sightings. Mr. enumerated these potential dangers. Following this introductior., Dr. turned the meeting ' over·to - 2 - UNC SSIFIE□ NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 50
-- 11 r the evidence available and requested consido~ation of specific . reports and letters be taken by pertain individuals present (Tab B). For example, case histories involving radar or radar and visual : • sightings were solected for Dr. - ~-=- -::. .Jwhile reports of Groen Fireball phenomena, nocturnal lights, and suggested programs of investigation were routed to Dr. -Page. Following these remarks, the motion pictures of the sightings at Tremonton, Utah (2 ' July 1952) . and Great Falls, Montana (1.5 August 19.50) were shown. The meet,ing adjourned at-1200. WEDNESDA.Y AFI'ERNOON The second meeting of tho Panel opened at 1400. Lt. __ - _ --- ~ . - USN, and Mr. ______of the USN Photo Interpretation Laboratory, Anacostia, presented the results of their analyses of the films mentioned above. This analysis evoked considerable discussion as elaborated upon below. Besides Panel members and CIA. personnel, Capt. E. J. Ruppelt, ·Dr .. ~.;;..-::.:.::::::.::...-.:..~:;:;...r.:::i.-..:-:a.-,--~ ____ ·_·-_ .. (2-a-2), and Dr.'"'"·-----..~-~-- - were present. Following the Photo Interpretation Lab presentation, Mr. E. J. Ruppelt spoke for about·4o minutes on ATIC methods or handling and evaluating reports or sightings and their efforts to improve the quality of reports. The meeting was adjourned at 1715. IFIEO NW9030fi • Docld:34714841 Page 51
---- •• r , THURSDAY MORNING The third an<l fourth ro.oetings of the Panel were held Thursday, 15 January, commencing at 0900 with a two-hour break for luncheon • ... .,_____ . Bosides Panel members and CIA personnel, Mr. Ruppo1 t and Dr•~ were present for both s~ssions. In the morninz, Mr. Ruppclt con - tinuod his briefing on ATIC collection and analysis procedu.res. was described by Dr .. A.number of case histories were dis - --:- - . cussed in detail and a motion picture film of seagulls was shown. A two hour break for lunch was taken at 1200. THURSDAY AFI'.ERN00N 1 At 1400 hours • ________ -.gave a 40-minute briefing of Project 'IWINKLE, the investigatory project conducted by the Air Forco Meteorological Research Center at CaDibridg~, Mass. In this briefing he pointed out the many problems of setting up and manning 24-hour instrumentation watches of patrol cameras searching for sightings of U.F.O. 's. At 1615 \joined the meeting with ~-----------~ --····-··---, ' \:.~~-----· _I expressed his support of the Panel's efforts and stated three personal opinions: . a. That greater use of Air Force intelligence officers in the field (for follow~up investigation) ap?eared desirable. but that they required thorough briefing. - 4 - NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 52 \.
----- JI'\ ,i,:, 8 f'I A/' ,...,.. •. • J, ~~tf,.~~:i;~~r lED b •. That. vigorou:::; effort should be ma.do to declassify as many of tho reports as possible. c. That some inc::t:•oaGe in the ATIC section devoted to U.F.O. analysis was indicated. This meeting was adjou~ned at 1700~ F'RIDAY MORNING 4 - The fifth session of the Panel convened at 0900 with the same . personnel present as enumerated for Thursday (with the exception From 0900 - 1000 there was general discussion and study ·of ---·. reference material. Also, read a prepared paper rr.aking certain observations and conclusions. At 1000 ge1.V8 a briefing on his fifteen months experience in Washington as Project Officer for U.F.0.'s and his personal co~clusions. There was considerable discussion of individual case histories of sightings .,...1'1:•• I t I ..... to which he referred. Following ,. _ presentation, a - number of additional case histories were examined and.discussed .A. • ••• - -· with Messrs. Ruppelt, and' ----··-- The meeting adjourned at 1200 for luncheon. FRIDAY AFTERNOON ... This session .opened at 1400 .. Besides Panel members and CIA ... ' "----- - personnel, Dr._ was present. Dr. Lloyd V. Berkner, as Panel Member, was present at this meeting for the first time.· Progress ·or the meetings was reviewed by the Panel Chairman and tentative - 5 - NW 90306" Dodd :34714S41 Page 53
NW 90306" conclusions reached. A general discussi.on followed and ten~ative recommendations considered. It was agreed that the Chairman should ... draft a report of the Panel to that evening for review by the Panel the next morning. Tho mootin~ adjourned at 1715. SATURDAY MOilliING --■--•---- - At 094.5 the Chairman opened the seventh session and subznitted a rough draft of the Panel Report to the members. This draft had been reviewed and approved earlier by Dr. Berkner. The next two and one-half hours were consumed in discussion and revision of the .... draft,, At 1100 the• ... joined the meeting and reported that he had shown and discussed a copy of the initial rough draft to tho Director of Intelligence, USAF, whose reaction was favorable At ;I!, 1200 the meeting was adjourned. SATURDAY AFTERNOON At 1400 the eighth and final meeting of the Panel was opened. Discussion and rewording of certain sentences of the Report occupied_ the first hours. (A copy of the final report is appended as Tab C.) This was followed by a review of work accomplished by the P.anel and restatement of inqividual Panel Member's opinions and suggestions on details that were felt inappropriate for inclusion in the formal report. It was agreed that the writer vould incorporate these conunents in an internal report to the The material below represents this information. - 6 - •4' ........ •• ··-( ... \ •• UNC Page 54 Docld:34714841
.,~ ~ --~-, •. ,JI\~~ a ....... ;.\ .f21l~J' II: COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS OF PJJUi!.. GENERAL The Panel Members woro impressed (ac have been others, includ ing ___- pe;,:.sonnol) in the lack of sound c!.3.ta in the great m.u.jority of' case histories; also, in the lack o:f spocdy foJ.low-up due primarily to the modest sizo and lirnited facilities of tho ATIC section concernad. Among the case histories of significant sightings discussed in detail were the following: Bellefontaine, Ohio (1 August 1952); Tremonton, Utah (2 July 1952) ;. Great Falls, Montana (15 Aug~st 1950); Yaak, Montana (l September 1952}; Washington, D. C. area (19 July 1952); and Haneda A.F.B.* Japan (5 August 1952), Port Huron, Michigan (29 July 1952); and Presque Isle, Maine (10 October 1952). After review and discussion of these cases (and about l others, in less detail), the Panel concluded that reasonable ~~~~-~e ~~~~~~$~~.,~~~~:~,,~~~~ ,.:~~~in~_,g~c;!}!S ,~ method it could be induced en additional data) that other cases ...................,• ..,............,},~,:f'l.'\\.d,..,'t.. ,\,J,i.,,i~''•,':j,:•1•,••,,.<!t~«•'"'~......_,,..,.....,.,._~,~~........,•.. 1-..v.~•••1:lllfi'~·~Jrt,~~l"W.illl"t·•,+•{,.,jt~ - might be explained in a similar manner". The Panel pointed out that ...__,,_..1,._,,.......,.,..,..'(,.._.,.,.__._.,.,..,,.:44..,,J\f,ti. ,...,,.,..ll,"1-..:'••~"'·•• ,-,,,;.-p,;."'·"• ..'IP'~if,i.__...,~i<'M,.:...\,·~\/f/':.~~,.,...,..,.,'.l>"'~•~,......~"t~/--· because of the brevity of some sightings (e.g. 2-3 seconds) and the iria.bility of the witnesses to express themselves clearly (semantics) that conclusive explanations could·not be cted for every case ' reported. Furthermore, it was considered that, normally, it would .___..... be a great waste· of effort to try to solve most of the sightings, unless such action would benefit a training and educational program. {see below). The writings of Charles Fort were l"eferenced to show - 7 - UNC SSIFIEO NW 90306"that "strange thi~gs in the years. It appeared obvious that there was no sinzle explanation for a :majority of the things seen. The proscnco of radar and astro nomical specialists on the Panel proved of value at onco in their confident recognition of p!10nomena related to the:..r f::..elds. It was .. apparent that specialists in such additional fields as psychology, meteorology, aerodynamics, ornithology and military air operations would extend the ability of the Panel to recognize many more cate gories of little-known phenomena. ON LACK OF DANGER Tho Panel concluded unanimously that there was no evidence of ~Jl....,....,____ ,>,,.,•• ,1'1.......llj;,t,;f.,_,','!''•r,,,..........,,..,)t'"I......,, , ,,,k..,.,,.1"1'"• \,j;lc'(' ,.,.,,.,..~.-,,,,_ ♦\'I\, "''"""i-.,_.,_.,................ t,w.,........,...,-i..t<'... (1"1fi'l',1'>•"'♦,-,.l,~l .. ,t"..,........,~f'•"'""'""''"°'•"'''li>"'I....~-,~... ~ a direct thrc.:i.t to national security in the objects sighted. ".r, ".":: :,tl..i<h :· •',...... ~.-· ... 'V"' .. •••,,;,...: 1,/!r~t. ,..,.t / " • ."'' ••, ' • 4\'l,·t•,"-"" .,. ') 4,,. ,,,{IIIIJ~•·!J.,'\}• 1,,.,11,,,:,1,:,., . •yr, ··~·.....t •11,.•\>•} ,f .,,.1ii,,,.,....... ~·..:,'. .,,,,,,.,1,1":"*•I»'.' ,;' (11,.,l,.t«-li•' ..,,•.,,..... ,f'" ,: ' ~ • '·+!-. ~' ·,¥,, ,-:,,,......•,.<h,:l\,,J.."-,~,•ill'•:r'· "' JtK,, Instances of "Foo Fighters" were cited. These were unexplained phenomena sighted by aircraft pilots during World War II in both European and Far Fis.st theaters of operation wherein 11 balls of light" would fly nen.r or with the aircraft and maneuver rapidly. They we:co believed to be electrostatic (similar to St. Elmo's fire) or electr.) magnetic phenomena or possibly light renections from ice crystals in the 8.ir, but their ex.act cause or nature was never defined .. Both Robertson and,_ had been concerned in the investigation of these phenomena, but David T. Griggs (Professor of Geophysics at the University of California at Los Angeles) is believed to have been the most knowledgeable person on this subject. If the term "flying saucers" had been popular in 194.) - 1945, these objects would - 8 - NW 90306" Dodd :34714S41 . Page 56-- have been so labeled. It was interesting that in at least "b-10 cases reviewed that the object sightod was catogorizcd by Robertson ,I as probably "F'oo Fighters", to dato unex.pla:incd but not danet!)rous; they wore not hl:tppy thus to clism:iss the si2:ht.irlcs by calling them namos. It was their feeling that theso phenomena are not boyond the domain of present knowledee of physical sciences, however. AIR FORCE REPORTING SYSTEM _._,_________ , It was·the Panel's opinion that some of the Air Force concern over U.F.0.'s (notwithstanding Air Do.fens0 Cownand anxiety over fast radar tracks) was probably caused by public pressure. The result today is that the Air.Force a fine ch one sees in the sky and fails to Wlderstand. This has been particularly encouraged in popu - lar articles on this and other subjects, such as space travel and science fiction. The result is the mass receipt of low-grade reports which tend to overload channels of comnrunication with material quite " i:rrelevant. to hostile objects that might .some day appear. The Panel ~ . ., _________ ___.., agreed generally that this mass of poor-quality reports containing ~~ ...................~~•11.r,,~d,,,~i::.:«,....,¥1r'.~1~,.._w,'>'fflil--f: t,,·, '''~,t-,f"....'•,'k,,~·-t,j!liJl':~.tlJ\t(,4/:'.',l~."!,JIIIIIUlf'•''!:''l.... :,~•---_:r'<;.;,,;(••~';•~--t••MN'.".1.fJ,'",'J//lt:<''""'*.,.. little, if any, scientific data was of no value. Quite the opposite, it was possibly dangerous in having a lllilitary service foster public . concern in "nocturnal meandering lights". The implication being, since the interested agency was military, that these objects were or might be_potential direct threats to national security. Accord- • ingly, the ·.ieed for d,eemphasization made itself apparent. Comments on a possible educational program are en'n~erated b'elow. Ifi£D NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 57 .
NW 90306" Docld:34714841 It was the opinion of D-.c. Robortson that the "saucer" problem had been found to be different in nature froro tho detection and investigation of Gorman V-1 and V-2 guidc6 missiles prior to their operational use in World War II.. In this 1943-194-l~ irJ.toll:i.zcnce operation (qROSSBCM), there was excellent intelligence and by June J.9l-t,LJ. there was mat,orial evidence of the existence of "hardware" · obtained from crashed vehicles i.n Sweden. This evidenco gave the investigating team a basis upon which to operate. The absence of nhardwaro 0 rosulting f.rom unexplained U.F.O. siehtings lends a "will - ••!< ...............~....,.,,,""'...............~_.,...,,..,.,....,... ,,.._/..,_''"',>!>•""' ~,,-~"''"'l<'~< t..,.,.,.•'('•·· "'·,.•••',/... ..... ,.,....,,..... t"''"""~---~."'f,,1 ►,.,.,.,.~•,..., ,._,,,r,:Y,t, '•'lllk"+.c•""V•t-•;';,, .,,...,twlr•'•'• ,,..,,,~:·•".-;-'lllll'•,r# .....,v<•~.-:,~,.........,,~~-:i of-the wisptt nature to the ATIC problem. The results of their investi. - ~., .........,,.,..~,.,...............~~-,........,,.-•...~1.........,...,,,, .•"',,Jt:-""-..,...;,,. ••'•1'!''\o!' .,,,,,,,1,-'/,')....... ,.,. gat1on, to date, strongly indicate that no evidence of hostile act or danger exists. Furthermore, the current reporting system would .. have little value in the caso of detection of enemy attack by COQVen - t'ional aircraft or guided missiles; under ·such conditions "hardware" would be available almost at once. ARTIFACTS OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN ----------.,.. II r tr Ill ■ It was interesting to note that none of the members of the Panel were loath to accept that this earth might be visited by extra - ' terrestrial intelligent beings of some sort, sonie day. What they did not find was aey evidence that re~ated the objects sighted to space travelers. Mr. -· ___ .,; , in his presentation, showed how he had elim - inated each of the known and probable causes of sightings leaving him "extra-terrestrial" as the only one remaining in many cases. , 's .~ background as an aeronautical engineer a.i~ technical intelligence - 10 - • Page 58officer (Project Officer, BLUEBOOK for 15 months) could not be slighted. However, the Panel could ~ot accept any of the cases cited by hi:m because they wore raw, unevaluated reports. Terrestrial oxplnnations of the sicht:'i.ngs wore suceestod in some cases· and il) others the t:i.me of si.ghtine was so short as to cause suspicion of visual impressions. It was noted by Dr. Goudsmit and others that extraterrestrial artifacts, if they did exist, are no cause for alarm; rather, they are in the realm of natural phenomena subject to scientific study, just as cosmic rays were at the time of their discovery 20 to JO years ago. This was an attitude in which Dr~ Robertson did not concur, as he felt that such artifacts would bo of immediate and grea.t concern not only to the U.S. but to all cotmt:r.ies. (N.othine like a coITlDlon threat to unite peoples l) Dr. Page noted that present astronomical 'knowledge of the solar system Il1'.).kes the existence of inteliigent beings (as we know the term) elsewhere than ~n the earth extremely unl..~kely, and the concentration of their attention by any controllable means conf~~-~ }•" ,, •,,;t,t,.,.,,,,., .. _,.,,,, ~<'/' ,.~,-•~ti,\ y, ,,,.. , ,oc,"< ...l*,,:_. ,i., ,.,, •~• ._,_,, ,; ,Ms,,, , •n¥ J'• ,v<•,~,.;lllo,o'J,, '<, ..., > to any one continent of the earth te preposterous. ,tAr,t.\'•'l<"'lif,.................... /.~1"_,,-,.,......... ;~r,".... tJl(,tV.,,,_,.,.......l 1i<r."'oj•,, •''¥ ,:..,·•*~\\ .... \"'•"flll'W,..,,~,,., • .,,,,ji:'.,""'il,'-"t'fr .-.; ,,)(\<~,,' _!H~NONTON, UTAH 2 SIGHTING This case was cons~dered sigpificant because of the excellent documentary evidence in the form of Kodachrome motion picture films . (about 1600 frames). The Panel studied these films, the case history, ATIC's interpretation, and received a briefing by representatives of the USN Pho+.o Interpretation Laboratory on their analysis of the fi1m. This ·tca1r: had expended (at Air For~e request) approximate1y NW 90306" Page 59 Docld:34714841 - 11 -
1000 mun-hours of professional and sub-professional time in the preparation of graph plots of individual frames of tho film, show ing apparent and l'e1ative motion of objects and variation in their 1icht intensity. It was tho opinion of tho P.I.L. representatives that tho objects sighted wero not birds, balloons or aircraft, were "not renections becau::;o thero was no blinking while passing through 60° of arc" and were, therefore, "self-luminous". Plots of motion and variation in light intensity of the objects wore dis played. While the Panel Members wore impressed by the evident enthusiasm, industry and extent of effort of the P.I.L. teani, they could not accept the conclusions reached. Some of the roasons for this were as follows: a. A semi-spherical object can readily produce a renection of.sunlight without "blinking" through 60° of arc travel. b. Although no da:t.a was available on the "albedo" of birds or pol?ethylene balloons in bright sunlight, the apparent motions, sizes and brightnesses of the objects were considered strongly to suggest birds, particularly after the Panel viewed a short film showing high reflectivity of seagulls in bright sunlight. c. P.I.L. description of the objects sighted as "circular, bluish-white" in color would be expected in cases of specular reflections of sunlight from convex surfaces where the brilliance of the reflection would obscure other portions of the object. - 12 - NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 60
d. Objects in the Groat Falls case wore believed to have probably been aircraft, ;;1.nd the bri~ht lights nuch roflections. o. There was no valid reason for tho attempt to relate the objects in the Tremonton sighting to those in tho Great Fa1J.s sight ing. This may have been duo to misundersta.ndine in their directive. The objects in the Groat Falls sighting are strongly suspected of being rofloctions of aircraft known to have been :in the area. f. The intensity change in the Tremonton lights was too great for acceptance of the P.I.L. hypothesis that tho apparent moti.on and changing intensity of tho lights indicated oxtreme1y high speed in small orbital paths. g .. Apparent lack of guidance of investigators by those familiar with U"F.O. reports and explanations. h. Analysis of light intensity of objects made from duplicate rather than original film. The origin:11 film was noted to . have a much lighter background (affecting relative brightness of object) and the objects appeared much less bright. ' i. Method of obtaining data of light intensity appeared faulty because of unsuitability of equipment abd questionable I, assumptions in making averages of readings. j. No data had been obtained on the sensitivity of Kodachrome fi1m to light of various intensities using the same camera type at the same lens openings. - lJ - NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 61
k. Hand "jitter" frequonci0s (obtainable from early part of Tremonton film) were not removed from the plots of the "sinelo pa.ss p1ots" at the end of tho fi.lrn. The Panel believed strongly that the data available on this sighting was sufficient for positive identification if further data is obtained by photographing polyethylene "pillow" balloons released near the site under similar weather conditions, checking bird flight and reflection charactorist:ics with competent ornithologists and~ calculating apparent "G" forces acting upon objects from their apparent tracks. It was concluded that the results of such tests would prob ably 1cad to creditable explanations of value in an educational or training program. However, the Panel noted that the cost in technical manpower effort roquJred to follow up and explain every one of the thousand or· more reports recei ·,ed through channels each year (1,900 in 1952) could not be justified. It was felt that there will always be sightings, for . which complete data is lacking, that can only be • . oxplained with disproportionate effort and with a long time delay, if at all. The long delay in explaining a sighting tends to eliminate • any intelligence value. The educational or training program shoul have as a major purpose the elintlnation of popular feeling that every .•.¥,, ;,Jt'.11{\~~\g, ··,'<'<'~ft~4'-9'••,.·•i';,·,,.,~....<,:\..;,:-'io,.,~,,.;ti;,Cl11M1,'lt:'tl~':,tl·J, ).l,,,.~1-1•;,;,11t.· ,, ..{:I•..._;,... sighting, no matter how poor the data, must be explained i~ ~.eta~,l .. ,.,,....,.-~ ...,_,_.,,,.,,..,.+,...,1,,,v,..,,_._,_A·.,,,...v,.~ ..,.._ _..._.,.,_.._,,t,.;r,{,...,.,~\;t.,.i;,J.;,.,,..,;,, O<s..l<\"',.,"l"t\,,.,~•~t•,"•>'•• •••h .,r,, << ' ,;-.i," • "';,,-. ,,f•":'"•' 1 Attention should be directed to the requirement among scientists that 'f ,~, ' ,.,~ a new phenomena, to be accepted, must be completely and convincingly documented. In other words, the burden of proof is on the s er, '''f's '.' ''. • , ,,;•,-«•~•· ,'<,""'"":'~'\"'•'' "''"'Oi....;,,~,"l\>,"'-th,,\,~-"':'t,...,.,(••,,,\''"V'"'"• 'if,'' !' •f.r,'lf•,•,-.w, not the explainer. ,,,,..,'.'!•'>l:•:,"~'f' ",,,: ,,~t~•,, ,,,,,.,,.,,,,:,,1,Y ,f,:\;;,..-,:i, ,1"1!'••1 •'•,'\H:~•,'!'·t<1,:, ",,.:, - 14 - ·Nw 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 62•• ·-- ,... ~:\ho Panel Members were in agreement with opinion that, although evidence of any direct threat from these sightings was wholly la.eking, related d:lnr;ers mieht wol1 exist rcsu1ting from: a. Misidentification of actual onemy artifacts by defense personnel. b* Overloading of emergency roport:ing channels with "false" informo.tion ("noise to signal ratio" analogy ... Borkner). c. Subjectivity of public to mass hysteria and greater. vul nerability to possible enemy pi:ycho1ogical warfare. Although not the concern of CIA, the first two of these 'problems may seriously affect the Air Defense intelligence system, and should be studied by experts, possibly under ADC. rr·u.F.0.'s become dis credited in a reaction to the "flying saucer" scare, or if report ing channels are saturated with.false and poorly documented repdrts, our capability of detecting hostile activity will be reduced. Dr. Pase notad that more competent screening or filtering of reported t sightings at or near the source is required, and that this can best be accomplished by an educational program. \. GEOGRAPHic" LOCATIONS OF UNEXPLAINED SIGHTINGS The map prepared by ATIC showing geographic locations of officially reported unexplained sightings (1952 only) was examined by the Panel. This map showed clusters in certain strategic areas such as Los Alamos. This might be explained on the basis of 24-hour watchful guard and - 15 - NW 90306" • Doctrl:34714841 Page 63..:twarcno.:;s of security mco.suros near such locations. On the other hand, there had beon no s:i..ghtines in the vicinity of sensitive related AE establishments while there worn occasionally multiple casas of unoxplainod siehtincs j,n non-stx·atocio nreas. Furthormoro, thore appcurod to be no logical relationship to population centers. \. 'I'he Panel could find no ready explanation for these clusters. It was noted, howevor, that. if terrestrial artifacts were to be obsorved it wou1d bo 1ikoly that they would be seen first near foreign areas rather than central U.S. ____] __________, INSTRU:MF:NTATION TO OBTAIN DATA The Panel was of the opinion that the present ATIC program to place 100 inexpensive 35 mm. stereo cameras in the hands of various airport control tower operators would probably produce little valu able data related to U.F'.0.'s. However, it was recognized that such action wou.ld tend to allay public concern in the subject until an educational program had taken effect. It was believed tha:t pro - ·curement. of these cameras was partly the result of public pressure in July 1952. With the poor results of the year-long Project TWINICT.,E program of 24-hours instrumentation watch (two frames of film showing nothing distinguishable), a widespread program·of sky watch,ing would not be expected to yield much direct data of value. There was considerable discussion of a possible "sky patrol" _by amateur astronomers ~-· ::::::.:~ and by wide-ang~e cameras (Page). Dr,.. Page and Dr. Robertson pointed out that at prnsent a considerable fraction 16 NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 64
NW 90306" Dodd :34714S41 of the sky is now--and has been for many years-under surveillance every clear night in several meteor and aurora observing proBrams as well as sky mapping programs at the various locations listed below. Although the attention of those astronomers is largely directed toward identified rather than unidentified objocts, no case of any striking m1id0ntifiod objoct is known to Dr. Page or Dr.,·· Such ~-·-·-·-·-~ an object would most certa:inly be reported if found on patrol plates. A case was cited where an astronomer refused to interrupt his exposure in order to photograph an alleged sighting in a different part of the sky. This led Dr. ~ to say that, if a program of watching could be an adjunct of planned astronomical programs, little cost would be involved and that the trained astronomical personnel might photograph a sighting of an unidentified object . . The location of some of these programs and their directors are believed to be: a. Harvard University, Cambridge and New Mexico (meteor patroll- Whipple. b. Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago and For~•Davis, Texas (several prograrns)--Meinel (auroras), Kuiper,.--·(asteroid.s), Morgan (wide angle camera). c. University of Alaska, Fairbanks (aurorae)--Elvey d. Dominion Obs'ervatory, Ottawa (meteors)--Millman e. Palomar Observatory, California (sky map)--Minkowski r. Lick Observatory, California (sky map)--Shane - 17 - Page 65 I
It was ag1.--eed by the Pa11el that no government-sponsored program of optical nation-wido sky patrol is worthwhile at the present time, and that the encouragement of amateur astronomers to undertake such a program 111:i,eht have• the adverse offeot of over--omphasizi.ne ; "fiyini saucer" stories in the public mind .. However, the issue of radar scope cameras for recording peculiar radar echoes would serve several pur poses, including the better understanding of radar interference as well as identification of U.F.O.•s. RA.DAR PROBLFM, OF' MUTUAL INTERFERENCE This characteristic problem of radar operation wherein the pulse signal (of approximately the same frequency) from station A may be picked up on the screen of station B and show as a high-spe.ed track • or series of dots was recognized.to have probably caused a number of U.F .o. reports. This problem was underli.n0d by ir1forma.tion ·received indicating ADC concern in solving this problem of signal identification . •• before service use of very high-speed aircrart·or guided missiles (1955-1956). Dr. Berkner believed that one answer to this problem was the use of a "doppler filter" in th~ receiving circuit. Dr.---· suggested that the problem might be better solved by the use of a "controlled jitter" wherein the operator receiving "very fast tracks" (on the order of 1000- 10,000 m.p.h.) would operate a circuit which woul.d alter slightly his station's pulse frequency rate. If the signal received on the screen had been caused by mutual interference with another station, the track would now show itself at a different distance - 18 - NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 66
--- • -- - from the center of the screen, if it sti.11 appeared at all. Dr. felt such a technical solution was simpler and would cost much less than a "doppler filter 11 • __ ,___________ UNEXPLAINED COSMIC RAY PHalOMENA Two reported cases were examined: one at Palomar Mountain, California, i.n October 1949, when cosmic ray counters went "off sea.le for a few seconds", appa:r·ently wh:i.lo a "V" of flying saucors was observed visually; and two, a series of observations by tho "Los Alamos Bird Watchers Association" from August 1950 to January 1951, when cosmi~ ray coincidence counters behaved queerly. Circuit diagrams and records were available for the latter, and .. ____ .,,.. _ Dr._._______~was able .quickly to point,out that the recorded data were undoubtedly· due to instrumental effects that would have been recognized as such by more experienced observers. The implication that radioactive effects were correlated with unidentified flying objects in these two cases was, therefore, rejected by the Panel. • EDUCATIONAL PROGRA.M ___ ,_,~ The Pane1's concept of a broad educational program integrating efforts of all concerned agencies was that it should have two major aims: training and "debunking". The training aim would result in proper recognition of unusually illuminated objects (e~g., balloons, aircraft reflections) as well as natural phenomena (meteors, fireballs, mirages, noctilucent clouds). Both visual and radar recognition are concerned. There would be many - 19 - Page 67 NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841
levels in such education from enlisted personnel to command and research porso:nnel. Relative emphasis and degree of ex:planati_on of different programs would correspond to the categories 0£ duty (e.g., radar operators; pilots; control tower operators; Ground Observer Corps personnel; and . office~s and enlisted.men in other categories.) This training should ~· result in a marked reduction in reports. caused by misidentification and resultant confusion. Tho "debunki11g" aim wouJd result in reduction in public interest i:n "flying saucers" which today evokes a strong ·psychological reaction. This education could be accomplished by :mass media such as television, motion :pictures, and popular· articles. Basis of such education would be actual case histories which had been puzzling at first but later explained. As in the case of conjuring tricks, there is much less stimulation if the 0 secret 0 is known. Such a program should tend to reduce the current gullibility of the public and consequently their susceptibility to clever hostile propaganda. The Panel noted that the general absence of Russian propaganda based on a subject with so many obvious possibilities for exploitation might indicate a possible Russian official policy. Members of the Panel had various suggestions related to the plan nir1g of such an educational program. It was felt strongly that psychologists familiar with mass psychology should advise on the nature . and extent of the program. In this connection, Dr. Hadley Cantril (Princeton University) was suggested. Cantril authored nrnvasion from - 20 - NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841 Page 68
Mars," ( a study in the psychology of panic, written about the famous~ Orson Welles radio broadcast in 1938) and has since performed advanced laboratory stulies in the field of perception. The names of Don Marquis ( Universi.ty of Michigan) and Loe Ro1ten were montioned •• po11ibly ' ' suitable as copsultant psychologists. Also, someone familiar with mass communications techniques, perhaps an advertising expert, would be helpful. Arthur Godfrey was mentioned as possibly a valuable channel of communication reaching a mass audience of certain levels. Dr. Berknar . suggested the U. s. Navy (ONR) Special Devices Center, Sands Point, L. I., as a potentially valuable organization to assist in such an educational program. The teaching techniques used by this agency for aircraft iden~ification during the past war was cited as an example of a similar educational task. The Jam Handy Co. which me.de World War II training films (motion picture and slide strips) was 'also suggested, a,s well a.s .--a. Walt Disney, Inc. animated ca.rtoons. Dr. suggested that the amateur astronoxners in the U.S. might be a potent~!ll source of enthusi - .. astic talent "to spread the gospel 0 • It was believed that business clubs, hig~ schools, colleges, and television stations would afl be pleased to coope~ate in the. showing of documentary type motion pictures ( if prepared in an· interesting manner. The use of true cases showing first the "mystery:" and ~hen the "explanation" would be forceful. To plan and execute such a program, .the Panel believed was no mean task. The current investigatory group at ATIC would~ of necessity, have to be cl'->r;ely integrated for support w:i.th respect to not only the. - 21 - Page 69 ·NW 90306" Dodd :347148-41
historical cases but the current ones. Recent cases are probably much m.ore susceptible to explanation than older ones; first, because of ., ' ATIC's experience and, secondly, their knowledge of most plausible explanations. The Panel believed that some expansion of the ATIC effort would certainly be required to support such a program. It was believed· inappropriate to state exactly how large a Table of Organization would be required. Captain Ruppelt of ATIC unofficially proposed, for purposes of analyzing and evaluating reports: a. An analysts• panel of. four officers b. Four officer investigators c. A briefing officer .d. An AOC liaison officer e. A weather and balloon data officer .r. An astronomical consultant g. A group Leader, with administrative assistant, file clerks and stenographers. This proposal met with generally favorable comment. The Panel believed that, with ATIC's support, the educational program of "train - . . ing and debunkj.ng " outJ..ined •above might be required for a minimum of ( one and one-half to two years. At the end of this time, the dangers related to "flying saucers" should have been greatly reduced if not eliminated. Cooperation from other military services and agencies concerned (e.g., Federal Civil Defense Administration) would be a necessity. In investigating significant cases ( such as the Trementon, ' Utah, sighting), controlled experiments might be :.req~ired. An example - 22 - SSIFIED NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 70
------------ • • would be the photographing of "pillow balloons" at different distances under similar weather conditions at the site. The help of one or two psychologfsts and writers and a subcontractor to produce traini.ng films would bo necessary in addlt:i.on . The Panel considered that AJIC's efforts, temporarily expanded as necessary, could bo most useful in implementin.g any action taken as a result of· i..ts :recommendations. Experience and records in ATIC would be of value i.n both the public educational and service training program envisaged. Dr. Robertson at least was of the opinion that after public gullibility lessened and the service organizations, such as ADC, had been trained to sift out the more readily explained spurious sightings, thero would still be a rolo for a very modest-sized ATIC section to cope with the residuum of items of possible scientific intelligence value. This / section should concentr.ate on energetically following_ up (perhaps on ' ' ,,~...,""'1:•'~t"~'""~~,....._~..,,...............,~ the advice of qualified Air.Force Scientific Advisory Board members) -~- ...................'11..,,.,,~;.-/:(,,"_,,,J... ,•.._.,.,.,,~t...... J.....,,,,,><»>,,.. ,,,,,,,.,,..,~).1>\·~•.:,,.•-.;;'\/,'-j,l"m+"'\'C/l",'f',~....... .,"1.,1111.,;,'!"#'llh,;)~-,O~~'•:•••~\~"""" those cases which seemed to indicate the evidence of unconventional enemy artifacts. Reports of such artifacts would be expected to arise mainly from Western outposts in far closer proximity to the Iron Curtain than Lubbock, Texas! UNOFFICIAL INVESTIGATING GROUPS The Panel took cognizance of the existence of such groups as the °Civi1ian Flying Saucer Investigators" (Los Angeles) and the "Aerial Phenomena. Research Organization (Wisconsin)". It was believed that such organizations should be watched because of their potentially - 23 - , NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 71
great influence on mass thinking if widespread sightings should occur. The apparent irresponsibili:\:.y and the possible use of such groups f c,r suhversive pu.:·posos should be kept in mind. INCRJ•.:A SB; IN NUMJ3I~R OF SIGHTINGS . The consensus of the Panel was, based upon the history of the subject, that the number of sightings could be reasonably expected to increase agnin this summer. • • • ... 24 - NW 90306" Docld:34714841. Page 72
• ' I • • TAB A REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC PANEL ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS 1. Pursuant to the requost ·---:--~~, th~. undorsigned Panel of Scientific Consultants has met to evaluate any possible threat to national security posed by Unidentified F'lying Objects ("Flying Saucers"), and to make recommendations thereon. The Panel has recoived the evidence as presented by cognizant intelli gence agencies, primarily the Air. Technical Intelligence Center, and has reviewod a solectj_on of the best documented incidents. 2. As a result of its considerations, the Panel concludes: a. -That the evidence presented on Unidentified Flying Objects shows no indication that these phenomena constitute a direct physfcal threat to national security. ,· We firmly believe that there is no residuum of cases which indicates phenomena which are attributable to foreign artifacts capable of hostile acts, and that there is no evidence that the phenomena indicates a need f <>r the revision of current scientific concepts. 3. The Panel further concludes: a. That the continued emphasis on the reporting of these phenomena does, in these parlous, times, result i.n a threat to the orde1·ly functioning of the protective organs of the body politic. We cite as examples the clogging'of channels of communication by irrelevant reports, the dangP-r of being led by continued false alarms to ignore real NW 90306" Docld:347148-41 Page 73◄ 1 I C indications of hostilo action, and the cultivation o:f a morbid national psychology in which skillful hostile propaganda could induce hysterical behavior and harmful distrust of duly constituted authority. 4. In o,.der n1oat o.ffoot1v•l)" to •trongthon tho no.tionil facil1tioa for the.-timely repognition and the appropriate handling of true indications of hostile action, and to minimize the concomitont dangers alluded to .above, the Panel reconmiends: a. That the national security agencies take immediate steps to strip the Unidentified Flying Objects or the special status they . have been given and tbe aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired; b. That the national security agencies institute policies on intelligence, training, nnd public educ3.tion designed to prepare the material defenses and the morale of tho country to recognize most promptly and to react most effectively to true indications of hostile intent or action. •· We suggest that these aims may be achieved by an integrated program designed to reassure the public of the total lack of evidence of·inimical \ ~orces behind the phenomena, to train personnel to recognize and reject false indications quickly and e~fectively, and to strengthen regular channels for the evaluation of and prompt reaction to true indications of host:j_le measures. s H.P. Robertson Chairman V. Berkner California Institute of Technology Associated Universities, Inc. ._ __;;;...__ Luis W. ~lvarez /s/ S. A. Go"!,ldsmit ,. University of California Brookhaven National Laboratories Page 74 Thornton Pae Johns Hopkins University NW 90306" Doclrl:34714841
SiFIED TABB SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS • .14 - 17 January 1953 EVIDENCE PRESENTED _,_ ■ I 1. Seventy-five case histories of sightings 1951 - 1952 (sele~ted by ATIC as those best documented). 2.· ATIC Status and Progress Reports of Project GRUOOE and Project BLUE BOOK (code names for ATIC study of subject). • J. _Pr~gress Repo:r:-ts of Projec~ STORK --· _)·---··--- .. ,·-·---·=·-·=-• .. --1;"!',J ,, •contract work supporting ATIC • .___. .,, L}. Summary Report of Sightings at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. 5. Report of USAF Research Center, Cambridge, Mass., Investigation of "Green FirE'ball" Phenomena (Project TWlNKLE). 6. Outline.of Investigation of U.F.o.•s Proposed by Kirtland Air Force Base (Project POUNCE). 7. Motion Picture Films of sightings at Trem,nton 1 Utah, 2 July 1952 and Great Falls, Montana, August 1950. 8. Summary Report of 89 selected cases of sightings of various .. categories (Formations, Blinking Lights, Hovering, etc.). 9. Draft of mo.nuel: "How to Make a FLYOBRPT", prepared at ATIC. 10. Chart Showing Plot of Geographic Location of Unexplained Sightings in the United States during 1952. 11. Chart Showing Balloon Launching Sites in the United States. 12. Charts Showing Selected Actual Balloon Flight Paths and Relation to Reported Sightings. . . lJ..Charts Showing Frequency of Reports of Sightings, 1948·- 1952.. 14. Charts Showing Categories or Explanations or Sightings. • 15. Kodachrome Transparencies of Polyethylene Film Ba.lloons iri Bright Sunlight Showing High Reflectivity• Page 75 • N'W 90.3.{)fi . Doclrl:34714841.16. Motion picture of seagulls in bright sunlight showing high reflectivity. 17. Intelligence Reports Relating to u.s.s.R. _Interest in U. s. Sightings. 18. Samples of Official USAF Reporting Forms and Copies ot Pertinent Air Force, Army and Navy Orders Relating. to Subject. 19. Sample Po ethylene "Pillow" Balloon (54 inches square). 20. "Variations in Radar Coverage", JANP 101 (Manual illustrating unusual operating characteristics of Service radar). 21. Miscellaneous official letters and foreign intelligence reports dealing with subject. • 22. Copies of popular published works dealing with subject {articles in periodicals, nawspaper clippings and books).· • • . ... 2 - NW 90306" Docld:34714841 Page 76. ~ . l. • The undersigned Panel of Scientific Consultants baa met lit··· the requeat ot the Goverment to evaluate a-ny poaaible threat to national security posed by Unidentified Flying ObJeota ( 'TJ.y:Lng Saucers"), and ·to make recame:pda·t:tont The Pan~l bas received the • . ' ~·· -:-.. • • : • \ : REPCBT Cl! m SCIDTIFIC PANBL . ON tmIDDTifIED FI:!IliG CBJECTS . ' • t • ~ ~ ' , ( ... \ ~· ~ ' l7'Janunry 1953 !? \ ::: •• evidence •• presented by cognizant Governmental agencies, pr:1marily • ·~ .. ;· \ { · , the United States Air.Force, and has :reviewed a aelection ot th' ... •. . .. ! · •. · ··. . . . . ,.. • • 'but documented incidents ., • •· ·"' ' • ·,. i , ', . .. .. . •. . ' '..' . . . I ,,- ' ,•. • :. • ·,: ... ••• • 2.· As a result of its considerations, the Panel. copca,μdeas • t ' • ... 'l'hat the evidence presented o~ Unidentit1e411Y1nS ,-, 1 , • r .• Objects shows no indication that these l)henanena constitute t ,, > We fi:::::1::: :er:t~on:::::~e::::~, which 1n41c•~• ,l· .:::· .. . :. :'i:~t~..•. phenomena which a:r.:fJ attributable to foreign artifacts ca:pe.ble ot ,! V , , : •,, :i:.:t 1 . : hoatile acta., and that there is no evidence that the pbenomena f: .·.. ··':<··,:};J \ :lndicate a n \for the revision ot current 1cientitio 0011cept1. ! . : . -~ . : •. 3, In th; '}1e,ht of this conclusion, tha ~nal reoC111111m41: I ~· ..• ''~ ',\ t ' ' ... ~ ,, That the national security agencies take imme&te atepa to strip the Unidentified Fl.yins ObJects ot the special' atatua :.. I •· ! ' ,, '\ . they have been given and the a.ura ot myater1 tbq bave . unfortunately acquire~. We auggeet that this aim may be achieved by an integrated program designed to reassure the public~ the total lack ot evidence cJt 1n:1aical. torcea behind the phenomena • , '. B ersitie,_., Inc •. H.P. Roberts irma California Inatitu;te ot Technology s. A. Gouda Brookhaven National L abORtor iea erez lUornia ,,, ' l , ~ ',', \ ~. ·,•• : <' •.• ' ~ ;,i , " I' ,,;' ,.\ ,,,.. ,,8, tradewinds; Report of s J. Puller ) Saturday Oct 9, 1965 oe ee oo eee oe > 2. was ee J.0( Pulled 3 jaturday Jan 22, 1966 ee 7 Southern Cali zornia ee ee as 7 oe aascers 1 wank icine ons lL ~ - 7 Fe ee ee a a ee 10, Hotes and Comment ti ew Yorker apr 9,1966 > MEE Nel ee ie ) en | - 44, Well-witnessed Invasion —s-P. «O'Neil. «site =——sAprr‘1, 1966 a 0 iientean — : oo am OR NOT DEST RoY ———— CSCC ee ee Oe
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